What are the tests for infertility?

Patient's question:

Doctor, my brother and sister-in-law have been divorced for a long time, but they haven't had any children. My brother is worried he might have a disease, and he said he wants me to go get checked with him. I understand early on, what are the detailed tests for infertility?

Doctor's answer:

Infertility refers to couples with normal sexual life who have not become pregnant within a year without breastfeeding. The incidence of infertility varies by country, ethnicity, and region. In China, the incidence of infertility is between 7% and 10%. If your brother and sister-in-law are infertile, it is recommended that both partners undergo a thorough examination at a regular hospital to identify the underlying causes.
For male examinations, doctors will inquire about any chronic diseases in the past, such as mumps, tuberculosis, etc., understand the couple's sexual life, and check for any difficulties in intercourse. They will also examine whether there are any deformities, infections, or inflammation in the external genitalia. Additionally, tests such as routine semen analysis, infectious diseases, blood tests, liver and kidney function tests, and ultrasound may be conducted.

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