Fundamentals of Sports Training

Author: Ma Dongmei
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2005-06-01
Features:
Chapter 5: Sports Training Content
The content of sports training in China includes seven aspects: physical training, technical training, tactical training, psychological training, intellectual training, recovery training, and ideological education.
Section 1: Physical Training
1. Overview of Physical Training
(1) What is Physical Training?
Physical training refers to the use of various physical exercises during the training process to effectively influence changes in athletes' physical and morphological aspects, promote the development of physiological functions and sports qualities, and improve athletes' health levels. Athletes perform movements under the control of the central nervous system, completing them through physical activity. During this process, the athlete's body must bear a certain physiological load, which stimulates changes in the body. These changes are reflected in physical morphology, physiological functions, and sports qualities.
(1) Indicators of physical morphology include body weight, height, chest circumference, limb circumferences, and the ratio of limbs to the torso, etc. Body weight, to some extent, comprehensively indicates the growth of bones, muscles, and fat. Changes in physical morphology are the result of quantitative development in the body, reflecting the processes of synthesis and decomposition.
(2) Physiological functions refer to the functions of the various organ systems in the organism.
(3) Sports qualities refer to the functional abilities demonstrated by the body during activity under the control of the nervous system, such as strength, endurance, speed, agility, and flexibility. Physical morphology, physiological functions, and sports qualities are innate to the human body and can be demonstrated in early attempts at movement. They naturally change with age. However, postnatal nutrition, living environment, and especially good physical training have a significant impact on their growth and improvement.
2. The Significance of Physical Training
Physical training is one of the important contents of sports training. The level of an athlete's physical training plays a crucial role in mastering, improving, and applying techniques and tactics. The characteristic of modern sports training is the use of high-intensity training, which can only be carried out under the condition of high physical training levels in athletes and ensures that athletes can gradually bear greater loads. Modern sports competitions are becoming increasingly intense. In a single football match, athletes may run 8,000 meters or even more, with many participants (teams), frequent matches, and long durations. The competition becomes fiercer as it approaches the end. Practice has shown that athletes who perform better as the competition progresses and those who win in the end all have high physical training levels. In today's major competitions, athletes are also required to have a good psychological state, and highly developed physical training levels can help them form a stable psychological state. This is the reason we often say, "feeling weak physically and lacking confidence." Good physical training levels can prevent injuries, extend athletic careers, and are particularly important for promoting the normal development and laying a solid foundation for young athletes.
3. The Content of Physical Training
Physical training includes general physical training and specialized physical training.
(1) General physical training refers to the use of various physical exercises in sports training to promote athletes' health, improve the functional levels of their organ systems, and comprehensively develop sports qualities.