The Dangers and Prevention of Biological Terrorism (Series on Biosafety)

Author: Ma Wenli Zheng Wenling
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2005-03-01
Features: This book is an advanced popular science publication aimed at helping people understand an ancient yet highly threatening and destructive form of terrorism—bioterrorism. It begins with the current severe situation of bioterrorism threats people may face and introduces measures taken by countries to combat and prevent biological weapons and agents, as well as safety protection knowledge about biological weapons. It focuses on introducing some common epidemic diseases that have broken out historically and caused serious harm, such as smallpox, anthrax, plague, cholera, and hemorrhagic fever, and provides detailed discussions on the pathogens of these diseases that may become biological weapons in the future, including their hazards, prevention, and treatment measures. The book also introduces the global efforts to prevent the spread of biological weapons, as well as the existing problems and contradictions. This book is suitable for reference by government, defense, customs, quarantine, and biosafety field management personnel, as well as students and researchers in molecular biology, epidemiology, and infectious diseases. It is also suitable for readers with a middle school education or higher.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Bioterrorism
1.1 Biological Weapons
1.1.1 Concept of Biological Weapons
1.1.2 Technical Requirements for Biological Weapons
1.1.3 Classification of Biological Weapons
1.1.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Biological Weapons
1.1.5 Development Trends of Biological Weapons
1.2 Threats of Biological Weapons and Bioterrorism
1.2.1 Bioterrorism
1.2.2 History of Bioterrorism and Biological Warfare
1.3 Terrorist Organizations Potentially Engaging in Bioterrorism
1.3.1 Motivations
1.3.2 Technical Factors
1.3.3 Organizational Factors
1.3.4 Bioterrorism and Extreme Religious Organizations
1.4 Terrorist Cults: Aum Shinrikyo
1.4.1 Tokyo Subway Sarin Incident
1.4.2 Other Bioterrorism Activities of Aum Shinrikyo
1.4.3 Expansion of Aum Shinrikyo
1.4.4 Trial of Aum Shinrikyo
References
Chapter 2 Addressing Bioterrorism Threats
2.1 Conditions Required for a Bioterrorism Attack
2.1.1 Vulnerability to Bioterrorism Attacks
2.1.2 Capability of the Attacker
2.1.3 Purpose of Using Biological Weapons
2.2 How to Respond to Bioterrorism Threats
2.3 Actions Taken by Countries After Anthrax Attacks
2.3.1 U.S. Measures to Combat Bioterrorism
2.3.2 Responses and Countermeasures of Other Countries
References
Chapter 3 Protection Against Biological Weapons
3.1 Principles of Protecting Against Biological Weapons
3.1.1 Combining Protection with Political and Military Struggles
3.1.2 Combining Military and Civilian Protection
3.1.3 Combining Professional Technical Support with Mass Health Protection Campaigns
3.1.4 Combining Protection Against Biological Weapons with Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Weapons
3.2 Protection Against Aerosols of Biological Warfare Agents
3.2.1 Personal Protection
3.2.2 Collective Protection
3.2.3 Protection Using Terrain and Features
3.2.4 Protection of Food, Food Supplies, and Water Sources
3.3 Immunological Protection and Pharmaceutical Prevention Against Biological Weapons
3.3.1 Immunological Protection
3.3.2 Pharmaceutical Prevention
3.3.3 U.S. FDA’s Comprehensive Measures to Combat Bioterrorism
References
Chapter 4 Smallpox—An Ancient Threat
4.1 Smallpox, Variola Virus, and Biological Weapons
4.2 Epidemiological Characteristics and History
4.2.1 Epidemiological Characteristics
4.2.2 History
4.3 Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
4.3.1 Clinical Manifestations
4.3.2 Diagnosis
4.4 Prevention and Treatment of Smallpox
4.4.1 Prevention
4.4.2 Treatment
4.5 Current Status of Smallpox Vaccine Reserves in Countries
4.5.1 Overview
4.5.2 U.S. Vaccine Supply
4.5.3 Vaccine Reserves in Other Countries
4.6 Recent Advances in Smallpox Diagnosis and Treatment Research
4.6.1 Vaccines
4.6.2 Antiviral Drugs
4.6.3 Clinical Diagnosis
4.6.4 Genetic Diversity of Variola Virus
4.6.5 Animal Models of Smallpox
4.6.6 Preservation of Variola Virus
References
Chapter 5 Anthrax—The Poor Man’s “Hydrogen Bomb”
5.1 Overview
5.2 History
5.3 Epidemiological and Microbiological Characteristics
5.3.1 Epidemiological Characteristics
5.3.2 Microbiological Characteristics
5.4 Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations
5.4.1 Inhalation Anthrax
5.4.2 Cutaneous Anthrax
5.4.3 Gastrointestinal Anthrax
5.5 Diagnosis
5.6 Vaccines
5.7 Treatment and Control of Infection
5.7.1 Treatment
5.7.2 Control of Infection
References
Chapter 6 Plague—An Underrated Threat
6.1 Plague, Yersinia Pestis, and Biological Warfare Agents
6.2 History of Plague Pandemics
6.2.1 Three Major Pandemics of Plague in Human History
6.2.2 Current Status of Plague
6.3 Potential for Plague to Be Used in Bioterrorism
6.4 Clinical Medicine and Prevention of Plague
References
Chapter 7 Cholera—Panic from Food
7.1 Overview
7.2 Epidemiology
7.2.1 Transmission Links
7.2.2 Factors Affecting Transmission
7.2.3 Epidemiological Characteristics
7.3 Pathogenesis
7.4 Clinical Manifestations
7.4.1 Clinical Manifestations
7.4.2 Clinical Classification
7.5 Prevention and Treatment
7.5.1 Prevention
7.5.2 Treatment
References
Chapter 8 Hemorrhagic Fever
8.1 Overview
8.2 Epidemiological and Microbiological Characteristics
8.2.1 Epidemiology
8.2.2 Microbiology and Pathogenesis
8.3 Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
8.3.1 Clinical Manifestations
8.3.2 Diagnosis
8.4 Detection and Treatment
8.4.1 Laboratory Detection
8.4.2 Handling of Bodies
8.4.3 Treatment
8.4.4 Passive Immunity
8.5 Prevention
8.5.1 Pharmaceutical Prevention
8.5.2 Infection Control
8.5.3 Isolation Measures
8.5.4 Personal Protective Equipment
References
Chapter 9 Botulinum Toxin
9.1 Overview
9.2 Epidemiology
9.2.1 Biological Characteristics
9.2.2 Epidemiology
9.3 Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations
9.3.1 Pathogenesis
9.3.2 Clinical Manifestations
9.4 Diagnosis
9.5 Treatment
9.6 Prevention
References
Chapter 10 Preventing the Proliferation of Biological Weapons
10.1 Development and Proliferation of Biological Weapons
10.1.1 Overview
10.1.2 Soviet Union’s Biological Weapons Research and Development
10.1.3 Iraq’s Biological Weapons Research and Development
10.2 The Geneva Protocol and the Biological Weapons Convention
10.2.1 Overview
10.2.2 Key Issues of the Convention and Protocol
10.2.3 Development of Biological Arms Control
10.3 Specific Measures of China to Prevent the Proliferation of Biological Weapons
10.3.1 Nonproliferation Export Control System
10.3.2 Specific Measures of Nonproliferation Export Control
10.3.3 Strict Implementation of Nonproliferation Export Control Regulations
References
Appendix 1 Characteristics of Several Biological Warfare Agents
Appendix 2 Pharmaceutical Prevention of Diseases Caused by Several Biological Warfare Agents
Appendix 3 Vaccine Prevention of Diseases Caused by Major Biological Warfare Agents