Divergent Thinking Classroom -- History for Grade 11

Author: Xi Yang (Main Editor) / Zhang Jian (Sub-series Editor) / Xu Xiaochun / Ding Changchun (Deputy Editor)
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2004-06-01
Features: Divergent thinking, also known as divergent thinking, is a multi-directional way of thinking. Figuratively speaking, it starts from a single point of knowledge and sends out a ray into the knowledge network space, forming connections with two or more points of knowledge, achieving the effect of "one input leading to multiple outputs." It demonstrates strong multi-directionality, flexibility, and creativity. Applied to learning, divergent thinking can bridge the gap between known and unknown, creating new ideas and problem-solving methods. It enhances understanding, transforms knowledge into intelligence, and truly achieves the effect of "learning from one example to understand many." The distinguishing feature of this book compared to other similar books is its full utilization of the supplementary book's function of "supporting the foundation and elevating the peak." The necessity of supplementary books lies in their function of "supporting the foundation and elevating the peak." The "foundation" refers to the core knowledge of each subject, or the basic key points of each knowledge unit. These key points are the foundation for students' understanding and application of knowledge, their standing point. The "peak" refers to the extension, enhancement, and refinement of basic knowledge. Supplementary books should be based on the textbook but also surpass it. If "supporting the foundation" is the basic function of supplementary books, then "elevating the peak" is their soul, the source of their vitality. Based on this understanding of supplementary books, this book reflects its targeting and innovation from four aspects: high standards, new perspectives, broad vision, and extensive thinking. It introduces divergent thinking into the entire process of learning and practice, with the main structure of "divergent thinking guidance and practice" being another feature of the book. In practical application, it is divided into two parts: Divergent Thinking Analysis starts from key points, key knowledge, and difficult points, analyzes the content and relationships of the knowledge unit, and reveals the laws of thinking and problem-solving techniques using divergent thinking methods to achieve comprehensive understanding. Divergent Thinking Application selects typical examples, using multi-directional, multi-aspect, and multi-level divergent thinking for key problems to cultivate students' comprehensive abilities in conceptual differentiation, comprehensive summarization, transformation, thinking transfer, reverse application, experimental design, writing expression, and multi-solution variability. Striving for quality over quantity is the third significant feature of the book. In the education of the new century, the arrangement of course content requires "striving for quality over quantity," and teachers' classroom explanations should be "concise and to the point." Supplementary books should also strive for quality over quantity, enabling students to learn better while reducing their workload. This is also the goal of this book. Therefore, the book includes a "Chapter (Unit) Summary" section to help students organize knowledge structures, inspire problem-solving ideas, highlight methods and techniques, provide new information, and improve their exam-taking skills. This book opens up an incredible learning world for you, and we hope you will draw nourishment from this wonderful world, ultimately successfully knocking on the door of a prestigious university. Divergent thinking, also known as divergent thinking, starts from a single point and reaches the thinking goal through multiple directions. Illustrated, it is a ray sent from a single point into the knowledge network space, forming connections with two or more points of knowledge. It includes horizontal thinking, reverse thinking, and multi-directional thinking. Divergent thinking has the characteristics of multi-directionality, flexibility, fluency, and uniqueness, focusing on multiple approaches and solutions when thinking about problems, and multiple pathways and methods when solving them. It expands horizontally, delves deeply in reverse, and employs exploration, transformation, variation, transfer, construction, deformation, combination, and decomposition to open students' minds, unleash their potential, and enhance their abilities, which is crucial for cultivating creative talents. This series of books strives to closely align with the entire teaching process, focusing on cultivating students' creative thinking abilities, enhancing the flexibility and expansiveness of their thinking, and improving their problem-solving skills. To this end, we closely connect with students' learning realities and comprehensively reflect the questions from recent years' national college entrance exams and provincial and municipal middle school entrance exams. Aligned with the teaching syllabus and current textbooks, it covers from the first to the second year of high school, synchronizing with each chapter and unit of the current textbooks. The basic goal is to enable students to use the method of goal management, grasp the key points and direction of learning, and achieve targeted learning, ensuring that each chapter (or unit) meets the expected learning objectives and outcomes. Basic Knowledge Guidance provides a concise overview of the intrinsic knowledge system of each chapter (or unit) and offers insightful analysis of the key points for the middle school and college entrance exams. Key and Difficult Points Guidance highlights the key and difficult points with a stroke of the brush, serving as the main thread for developing divergent thinking. Divergent Thinking Guidance and Practice is the core structure of this series, divided into the following two parts: Divergent Thinking Analysis starts from key points, key knowledge, and difficult points, analyzes the content and relationships of the chapter (or unit), and reveals the laws of thinking and problem-solving techniques using divergent thinking methods to achieve comprehensive understanding. Divergent Thinking Application selects typical examples, using multi-directional, multi-aspect, and multi-level divergent thinking for key problems to cultivate students' comprehensive abilities in conceptual differentiation, comprehensive summarization, transformation, thinking transfer, reverse application, experimental design, writing expression, and multi-solution variability. Consolidation and Basic Training, as well as Ability Improvement Tests, can help students evaluate their classroom learning outcomes; parents can also use them to assess students' mastery of knowledge in each chapter of the textbook. The following types of divergent thinking are used in this book:
- Type Divergence: Transforming typical problems into different types.
- Solution Divergence: Using multiple methods for one problem or one method for multiple problems for flexible training.
- Vertical and Horizontal Divergence: Forming divergent thinking through the connections between two or more divergent points, as well as between divergent points and other key points, using examples.
- Transformation Divergence: Maintaining the essence of the original proposition while changing its form.
- Combination Divergence: Combining multiple divergent points to form a type of divergent thinking.
- Transfer Divergence: Solving new situational problems using information or method transfer.
- Decomposition Divergence: Breaking down a complex proposition into simpler propositions and analyzing and solving them one by one.
- Reverse Divergence: Thinking from the goal to the conditions.
- Creative Divergence: Overcoming thinking patterns and solving problems unconventionally.
- Comprehensive Divergence: Integrating thinking across connections between divergent points in different chapters of the textbook and between one subject and others.
In summary, this series of books progresses from simple to complex, with in-depth analysis and extensive practice, bringing students' review and exam preparation closer to reality, thereby enhancing their ability to flexibly apply knowledge, improve transfer and adaptability skills, and develop creative thinking abilities.