Metal materials and heat treatment

Author: Luo Huichang, Ouyang Xi, Zou Qianqian
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2005-05-01
Features: This book is revised based on the previous edition. The original outdated national standards in the book have been updated, and the corresponding terminology has also been changed. Starting from the actual needs of mechanical engineering students, this book elaborates on the relevant content of metal materials and heat treatment. The book consists of ten chapters: Mechanical Properties of Metals; Crystal Structure and Solidification of Metals; Plastic Deformation and Recrystallization of Metals; Binary Alloys; Iron-Carbon Alloys; Heat Treatment of Steel; Alloy Steels; Cast Irons; Non-Ferrous Metals and Their Alloys; Principles of Material Selection for Parts and Examples of Heat Treatment Process Applications. At the end of the book, the appendix briefly introduces the conversion tables for Brinell, Rockwell, and Vickers hardness, as well as the comparison tables of domestic and international designations for some commonly used steel grades. This book can be used as a textbook for mechanical engineering students and is also available for reference by professionals in mechanical maintenance, non-mechanical fields, and related engineering technicians.
Table of Contents
Main Symbols
A — Austenite; cross-sectional area of the specimen
 — length unit, 1=10?? cm
Accm — transformation temperature of Fe?C → A during heating
Acm — critical temperature of Fe?C → A transformation
Ac1 — transformation temperature of P → A during heating
Ac3 — transformation temperature of F → A during heating
AKU — work absorbed in impact fracture of the specimen (determined using U-notch specimen)
αKU — impact toughness (determined using U-notch specimen)
Arcm — transformation temperature of A → Fe?C during cooling
Ar1 — transformation temperature of A → P during cooling
Ar3 — transformation temperature of A → F during cooling
A? — original cross-sectional area of the specimen
A? — critical temperature of A → P transformation
A? — critical temperature of A → F transformation
Cm — cementite
D, d — diameter
d? — original diameter of the specimen
F — ferrite
F — test load
Fb — maximum load before fracture of the specimen
Fe — elastic limit load
Fp — proportional limit load
Fs — load at which yielding occurs in the specimen
G — graphite
HBS — Brinell hardness (determined using steel ball)
HBW — Brinell hardness (determined using carbide ball)
HRC — Rockwell hardness (C scale)
HV — Vickers hardness
L — liquid, liquid phase
l — length
l? — gauge length of the specimen
Ld — high-temperature ledeburite
Ld′ — low-temperature ledeburite
Mf — end temperature of martensite transformation
Ms — start temperature of martensite transformation
P — pearlite
T — absolute temperature
v — cooling rate
δ — elongation
δ? — elongation after fracture of short specimen (l?=5d?)
δ?? — elongation after fracture of long specimen (l?=10d?)
σb — tensile strength
σs — yield strength
σ?.? — offset yield strength
σ-1 — fatigue strength
τ — shear stress
ψ — reduction of area
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 Mechanical Properties of Metals
1.1 Strength and Plasticity
1.2 Hardness
1.3 Toughness
1.4 Fatigue
1.5 Creep and Relaxation Phenomena of Metals
Review and Reflection Questions
Chapter 2 Crystal Structure and Solidification of Metals
2.1 Crystal Structure of Metals
2.2 Crystal Structure of Actual Metals
2.3 Solidification of Metals
2.4 Ingot Structure
2.5 Allotropy of Metals
Review and Reflection Questions
Chapter 3 Plastic Deformation and Recrystallization of Metals
3.1 Plastic Deformation of Metals
3.2 Changes in Structure and Properties of Cold-Worked Metals During Heating
3.3 Hot Working of Metals
Review and Reflection Questions
Chapter 4 Binary Alloys
4.1 Basic Knowledge of Alloys
4.2 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams
Review and Reflection Questions
Chapter 5 Iron-Carbon Alloys
5.1 Basic Microstructure of Iron-Carbon Alloys
5.2 Fe-Fe?C Phase Diagram
5.3 Non-Alloy Steels
Review and Reflection Questions
Chapter 6 Heat Treatment of Steel
6.1 Transformations of Steel During Heating
6.2 Transformations of Steel During Cooling
6.3 Annealing and Normalizing
6.4 Quenching
6.5 Tempering
6.6 Surface Heat Treatment
6.7 Introduction to New Heat Treatment Technologies
Review and Reflection Questions
Chapter 7 Alloy Steels
7.1 Overview
7.2 Alloy Structural Steels
7.3 Alloy Tool Steels
7.4 Stainless Steels, Heat-Resistant Steels, and Wear-Resistant Steels
7.5 Introduction to Powder Metallurgy
Review and Reflection Questions
Chapter 8 Cast Irons
8.1 Classification of Cast Irons and Graphitization of Cast Irons
8.2 Grey Cast Iron
8.3 Ductile Iron
8.4 Malleable Cast Iron
8.5 Introduction to Alloy Cast Irons
Review and Reflection Questions
Chapter 9 Non-Ferrous Metals
9.1 Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys
9.2 Copper and Copper Alloys
9.3 Titanium and Titanium Alloys
9.4 Bearing Alloys
Review and Reflection Questions
Chapter 10 Principles of Material Selection for Parts and Examples of Heat Treatment Process Applications
10.1 General Principles of Material Selection
10.2 Application of Heat Treatment
10.3 Material Selection and Heat Treatment for Typical Parts
Review and Reflection Questions
Appendix
References