Occupational Health Engineering Control Technology

Author: Shao Qiang Hu Wei Jiang Zhang Dongpu
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2005-05-01
Features: This book systematically introduces the health engineering control technologies for various occupational hazard factors, such as productive dust, toxic and harmful gases, high temperatures, and noise, in workplaces, from the perspective of protecting the health of the broad occupational population and promoting the sustainable development of the national economy. The health engineering control technologies and methods provided in the book aim to align with international new technologies while being suitable for China's conditions, and strive to cite the latest standards and specifications. While briefly explaining the basic control principles, the book places greater emphasis on the practicality of control technologies and methods. This book is suitable for a wide range of occupational health, health engineering, and labor protection technical personnel, as well as management personnel of employing units. It offers valuable reference for project leaders, technical leaders, and certified professionals engaged in pre-evaluation of occupational hazards in construction projects and post-construction acceptance of protective facilities. It is also beneficial for design departments when compiling feasibility reports and preliminary designs for occupational health sections.
Introduction: This book systematically introduces the health engineering control technologies for various occupational hazard factors, such as productive dust, toxic and harmful gases, high temperatures, and noise, in workplaces, from the perspective of protecting the health of the broad occupational population and promoting the sustainable development of the national economy. The health engineering control technologies and methods provided in the book aim to align with international new technologies while being suitable for China's conditions, and strive to cite the latest standards and specifications. While briefly explaining the basic control principles, the book places greater emphasis on the practicality of control technologies and methods. This book is suitable for a wide range of occupational health, health engineering, and labor protection technical personnel, as well as management personnel of employing units. It offers valuable reference for project leaders, technical leaders, and certified professionals engaged in pre-evaluation of occupational hazards in construction projects and post-construction acceptance of protective facilities. It is also beneficial for design departments when compiling feasibility reports and preliminary designs for occupational health sections.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Section 1 Current Situation of Occupational Hazards in China 1
1. Basic Conditions 1
2. Typical Incidents 1
Section 2 Common Occupational Hazard Factors in Workplaces 2
1. Dust 2
2. Radioactive Substances 3
3. Chemical Substances 3
4. Physical Factors 5
5. Biological Factors 5
6. Hazards Leading to Occupational Skin Diseases 5
7. Hazards Leading to Occupational Eye Diseases 5
8. Hazards Leading to Occupational Ear, Nose, Throat, and Oral Diseases 5
9. Occupational Carcinogens as Occupational Hazards 5
10. Other Occupational Hazard Factors 6
Section 3 Relevant Laws, Regulations, and Standards for Controlling Occupational Hazards 6
1. Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China 6
2. Related Laws and Standards 6
Section 4 Approaches and Measures for Controlling Occupational Hazard Factors 10
1. Strengthening Legal Management 10
2. Actively Taking Preventive and Controlling Measures 11
3. Professional Functional Development in Occupational Health for Design and Development Departments 11
4. Cooperation with International Organizations and Domestic Government Departments 12
Review Questions 12
Chapter 2 Dust Hazards and Ventilation and Dust Removal 14
Section 1 Sources and Properties of Productive Dust 14
1. Sources 14
2. Properties of Dust 15
3. Hazards of Dust 18
Section 2 Composition and Principles of Ventilation and Dust Removal Systems 20
1. Composition of Ventilation and Dust Removal Systems 20
2. Design and Calculation of Ventilation and Dust Removal System Ducts 22
Section 3 Source Control and Isolation 36
1. Overview 36
2. Enclosed Dust Collection Hoods 39
3. Side Dust Collection Hoods 46
4. Receiving Dust Collection Hoods 52
5. Underfloor Dust Collection Hoods 55
Section 4 Common Dust Removal Equipment 55
1. Classification of Dust Removal Equipment 55
2. Gravity and Centrifugal Force Dust Collectors 56
3. Filtration Dust Collectors 70
4. Wet Scrubber Dust Collectors 76
5. Electrostatic Precipitators 80
6. Performance Evaluation of Dust Collectors 83
Review Questions 87
Chapter 3 Hazards of Harmful Gases and Their Control 88
Section 1 Sources and Properties of Harmful Gases 88
1. Sources 88
2. Toxic Substances and Their Properties 89
Section 2 Composition and Principles of Ventilation and Detoxification Systems 91
1. General Ventilation 91
2. Local Ventilation 95
Section 3 Control and Isolation of Harmful Gas Sources 105
1. Detoxification Cabinets 105
2. Umbrella-type Exhaust Hoods 108
3. Sill-side 114
Section 4 Purification Technologies for Harmful Gases 122
1. Gas Absorption Method 122
2. Solid Adsorption Method 127
3. Condensation and Combustion Methods 131
4. Examples of Harmful Gas Purification 132
Review Questions 136
Chapter 4 High-Temperature Hazards and Their Control 137
Section 1 High-Temperature Work Environments and Their Hazards to the Human Body 137
1. Characteristics of High-Temperature Work Meteorological Conditions 137
2. Hazards of High Temperature to the Human Body 138
3. Hygienic Standards for High-Temperature Workshop Meteorological Conditions 141
4. Classification Standards for High-Temperature Work 143
5. Comprehensive Measures for Preventing Heatstroke and Cooling Down 144
Section 2 Insulation Measures 145
1. Building Insulation 145
2. Equipment Insulation 147
Section 3 Ventilation and Cooling Measures 151
1. Natural Ventilation 152
2. Local Mechanical Ventilation 157
Review Questions 160
Chapter 5 Noise Hazards and Their Control in Industrial and Mining Enterprises 161
Section 1 Sources and Hazards of Noise 161
1. Noise Sources 161
2. Hazards of Noise 162
3. Noise Permissible Standards 164
Section 2 Basic Physical Quantities in Acoustics 168
1. Sound Wave Generation and Physical Parameters 168
2. Several Basic Physical Quantities 169
3. Spectrum Analysis 169
4. Sound Superposition 170
Section 3 Principles and Methods of Noise Control 172
1. General Principles of Noise Control 172
2. Basic Methods of Noise Control 172
3. Noise Measurement 174
Section 4 Sound Absorption, Sound Insulation, and Sound Dampening Technologies 177
1. Sound Absorption Measures 177
2. Sound Insulation Measures 186
3. Sound Dampening Measures 195
Section 5 Individual Protection for Noise 202
1. Soundproof Earplugs 202
2. Soundproof Cotton Earplugs 203
3. Protective Ear Muffs 203
4. Soundproof Helmets 203
Section 6 Examples of Noise Control 204
1. Control of Fan Noise 204
2. Control of Air Compressor Noise 206
3. Noise Control for Ball Mill 207
4. Noise Control in Sandblasting Workplaces 209
5. Noise Control of Roots Blowers in a Certain Cement Factory 209
6. Application of Sound Absorbing Ceilings in Reducing Industrial Noise 210
Review Questions 210
Chapter 6 Testing and Maintenance Management of Ventilation and Dust Removal Systems 211
Section 1 Measurement of Pressure, Wind Speed, and Airflow 211
1. Measurement Location and Points 211
2. Measurement of Pressure in Ducts 213
3. Measurement of Wind Speed 216
4. Calculation of Airflow in Ducts 217
5. Measurement of Wind Speed and Airflow at Local Exhaust Hood Openings 217
Section 2 Measurement of Dust Content 220
1. Measurement of Dust Content at Workplaces 220
2. Measurement of Airborne Dust Content in Ducts 222
3. Measurement of True Density of Dust 233
4. Measurement of Dust Particle Size 234
5. Measurement of Dust Electrical Resistivity 239
6. Measurement of Dust Collector Performance 240
Section 3 Measurement of Harmful Gases 242
1. Sampling Methods for Harmful Gases 242
2. Sampling Devices 242
3. Sampling Systems 244
4. Calculation of Sampling Volume 247
Section 4 Commissioning and Maintenance Management of Ventilation and Dust Removal Systems 248
1. Commissioning of Ventilation and Dust Removal Systems 248
2. Maintenance Management of Ventilation and Dust Removal Systems 250
Review Questions 254
Appendix 1 Occupational Exposure Limits for Harmful Factors in Workplaces 255
Appendix 2 Lower Limits of Explosion Limits for Various Dusts 260
Appendix 3 Explosion Limits for Gases and Vapors 261
Appendix 4 Calculation Chart for Frictional Resistance of Circular Steel Ducts 262
Appendix 5 Calculation Chart for Determining Equivalent Diameter of Ducts 263
Appendix 6 Table of Local Resistance Coefficients (ξ) 264
Appendix 7 Calculation Table for Velocity-Adjusted Sampling Flow Rate Q′r 278
References 281