University Basic Chemistry Experiment (I)

Author: Fang Guo Queen Yan Zhou Qi Zhen
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2005-05-01
Features: Introduction to University Basic Chemistry Experiment is a laboratory textbook written for first-year students of applied chemistry in higher education institutions. Based on years of teaching reform in inorganic chemistry experiments and analytical chemistry experiments, the authors have strengthened the comprehensive training of experimental skills and quality ability development in the content of the laboratory textbook, enabling students to gradually establish an application awareness and master the experimental skills and methods. The experimental content is divided into four levels: 1. Basic skill training; 2. Applied skill training; 3. Comprehensive skill training; 4. Design-based comprehensive skill training. The four levels progress from simple to complex, gradually increasing in difficulty. The experimental content covers inorganic synthesis, component purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, and the determination of physical properties and related chemical constants. To improve experimental efficiency and students' autonomy in learning, this revision specifically adds a chapter on experimental guidance, explaining the preview content, precautions, and key points for solving thought questions for each experiment. The reference teaching hours for this textbook are 144–170. The writing is based on different levels of teaching requirements, with a set of parallel experiments provided for each type to allow selection. Therefore, this book is also suitable for students in chemical engineering and related fields.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Teaching Characteristics
1.2 Course Design Ideas and Teaching Requirements
1.3 Learning Methods
1.4 Examples of Experimental Report Formats
1.5 Handling of Experimental Results
1.5.1 Accuracy and Precision of Determination Results
1.5.2 Causes of Errors in Quantitative Analysis
1.5.3 Methods to Eliminate or Reduce Errors and Improve Analytical Accuracy
1.5.4 Significant Figures and Calculation Rules
1.5.5 Data Processing of Analytical Results
1.5.6 Data Expression and Processing of Experimental Results
1.6 Basic Knowledge of Chemical Experiments
1.6.1 Student Code of Conduct in Chemical Laboratories
1.6.2 Laboratory Safety Rules
1.6.3 Handling of Unexpected Accidents in Laboratories
Chapter 2 Basic Experimental Skill Training
2.1 Titration Analysis
2.1.1 Overview
2.1.2 Basic Operation Skills
2.1.3 Basic Skill Training Experiments
Experiment 1 Use of Bunsen Burner and Preparation of Glass Tubes (Sticks) and Dropping Pipettes
Experiment 2 Balances and Weighing
Experiment 3 Calibration of Volumetric Glassware
Experiment 4 Preparation and Concentration Comparison of Acid-Base Standard Solutions
Experiment 5 Standardization of Acid-Base Standard Solution Concentrations
Experiment 6 Determination of Acetic Acid Content in Edible Vinegar
Experiment 7 Determination of Total Alkalinity in Lye
2.2 Gravimetric Analysis
2.2.1 Basic Principles
2.2.2 Basic Operation Skills
2.2.3 Calculations in Gravimetric Analysis
2.2.4 Gravimetric Analysis Experiments
Experiment 8 Determination of Barium Content in Barium Chloride (Gravimetric Method)
Experiment 9 Determination of Nickel Content in Steel Samples by Dimethylglyoxime Nickel Gravimetric Method
2.3 Element Chemistry and Applications
2.3.1 Separation, Identification of Ions, and Properties of Element Compounds
2.3.2 Qualitative and Test Tube Reaction Operation Skills
2.3.3 Preparation and Purification of Inorganic Compounds
2.3.4 Inorganic Preparation Operation Skills
2.3.5 Element Chemistry and Applications Experiments
Experiment 10 Properties and Applications of Main S-Block Metal Elements and Their Compounds
Experiment 11 Properties and Applications of Main P-Block Nonmetal Elements and Their Compounds (Part I)
Experiment 12 Properties and Applications of Important P-Block Nonmetal Elements and Their Compounds (Part II)
Experiment 13 Properties and Applications of Main P-Block Metal Elements and Their Compounds
Experiment 14 Properties and Applications of d-Block Element Compounds (Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel)
Experiment 15 Properties and Applications of ds-Block Element Compounds (Copper, Silver, Zinc, Cadmium, Mercury)
Experiment 16 Separation and Identification of Unknown Sample
Experiment 17 Paper Chromatography for Separation and Identification of Fe3?, Co2?, Ni2?, Cu2?
Experiment 18 Extraction of Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate from Borax Waste Residue (Includes Micro-experiment)
Experiment 19 Preparation of Potassium Aluminum Sulfate
Experiment 20 Preparation of Tin(II) Iodide (Includes Micro-experiment)
Experiment 21 Preparation of Potassium Permanganate from Soft Manganese Ore
Experiment 22 Preparation of Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate (Includes Micro-experiment)
Chapter 3 Applied Experimental Skill Training
3.1 Principles and Operation Skills of Common Instruments
3.1.1 pHS-3C pH Meter
3.1.2 722 Type Spectrophotometer
3.1.3 DDS-307 Conductivity Meter
3.1.4 Determination of Basic Chemical Constants and Common Instrument Analysis Experiments
Experiment 23 Linear Titration Method for Boric Acid and Determination of Acid Constant
Experiment 24 Potentiometric Titration and Determination of Acid Constant for Acetic Acid
Experiment 25 Determination of Chloride Content in Samples by Chloride Selective Electrode Method and Solubility Product Constant of Lead Chloride
Experiment 26 Titration Analysis and Standardization of Sodium Thiosulfate by Electrochemical Methods
Experiment 27 Determination of Stepwise Stability Constants of Copper-Sulfosalicylic Acid Complex
Experiment 28 Determination of Splitting Energy Δ? of [Ti(H?O)?]3?, [Cr(H?O)?]3?, and [Cr(EDTA)]? by Spectrophotometry
Experiment 29 Determination of Trace Iron and Stability Constants of Complexes by Spectrophotometry
Experiment 30 Determination of Solubility Product Constant of BaSO? by Conductometry
Experiment 31 Analysis of Alkane Mixtures by Gas Chromatography
3.2 Basic Physical Property Constant Measurement
3.2.1 Temperature Measurement and Control
3.2.2 Principle and Use of Potentiometer
Experiment 32 Purification of Sodium Sulfide
Experiment 33 Recovery of Ethanol by Distillation
Experiment 34 Determination of Liquid Viscosity
Experiment 35 Determination of Solution Heat (Online Determination by Computer)
Experiment 36 Assembly of Constant-Temperature Bath and Thermodynamics of Galvanic Cells
Experiment 37 Determination of Crystalline Water and Dehydration Temperature in Copper Sulfate (Computer Simulation Experiment)
Experiment 38 Determination of Enthalpy of Combustion and Formation of Sucrose (Computer Simulation Experiment)
Chapter 4 Comprehensive Experimental Skill Training
4.1 Determination of Certain Components in Foods
Experiment 39 Determination of Total Acidity in Yogurt
Experiment 40 Determination of Ca and Mg Content in Eggshells
Method I Complexometric Titration for Determination of Total Ca and Mg in Eggshells
Appendix: Preparation and Standardization of EDTA Standard Solution
Method II Acid-Base Titration for Determination of CaO Content in Eggshells
Method III Potassium Permanganate Method for Determination of CaO Content in Eggshells
Experiment 41 Identification and Quantitative Determination of Trace Elements in Tea
4.2 Synthesis and Testing of Compounds
Experiment 42 Synthesis and Composition Determination of Potassium Iron(III) Oxalate
Appendix: Preparation and Standardization of Potassium Permanganate Standard Solution
Experiment 43 Preparation and Content Determination of Zinc-Containing Drugs
4.3 Recovery and Utilization of Effective Components in Waste
Experiment 44 Comprehensive Utilization of Waste Board Liquid
Appendix: Determination of Copper Content in Copper Sulfate
Experiment 45 Extraction of Elemental Iodine and Preparation of Potassium Iodide from Iodine-Containing Waste Liquid
Experiment 46 Extraction of MgSO?·7H?O from Salt Sludge
Experiment 47 Extraction of Silver and Preparation of Silver Nitrate from Silver-Containing Waste Liquid or Residue with Content Determination
Chapter 5 Design-Based Comprehensive Experimental Skill Training
5.1 Identification and Testing of Certain Elements in Foods
Experiment 48 Identification of Certain Elements in Foods
Experiment 49 Determination of Vitamin C Content
Experiment 50 Determination of Acid Value and Peroxide Value in Cooking Oil
5.2 Synthesis and Testing of Compounds
Experiment 51 Preparation and Composition Determination of Copper(I) Oxide
Experiment 52 Preparation and Composition Determination of Cobalt(III) Complexes
5.3 Recovery and Utilization of Effective Components in Waste
Experiment 53 Preparation of Copper Sulfate Reagent and Composition Determination from Crude Copper Oxide
Experiment 54 Comprehensive Utilization of Waste Dry Batteries
Experiment 55 Extraction of Nickel Sulfate, Preparation of Hexaammine Nickel(II) Chloride, and Composition Determination from Nickel Waste Residue
Chapter 6 Experimental Guidance
Appendices
Appendix 1
Appendix 2 Various Acid Constants at 298.2 K
Appendix 3 Concentrations and Densities of Common Acid-Base Reagents
Appendix 4 Common Acid-Base Indicators
Appendix 5 Acid-Base Mixed Indicators
Appendix 6 Preparation of Common Buffer Solutions
Appendix 7 Precipitation and Metal Indicators
Appendix 8 Redox Indicators
Appendix 9 Solubility Product Constants of Insoluble Electrolytes (298.2 K)
Appendix 10 Standard Electrode Potentials (298.2 K)
Appendix 11 Formal Potential
Appendix 12 Stability Constants of Some Common Complex Compounds
Appendix 13 Colors of Common Ions and Compounds
Appendix 14 Preparation of Certain Reagents
Appendix 15 Common Primary Substances
Appendix 16 Molar Masses of Some Substances or Groups
Appendix 17 Selected English Chemical Experiments
References