Practical Agricultural Chemical Analysis

Author: Zhang Xingfeng
Publisher:
Publishing Date: 2005-05-01
Features: The book is divided into five chapters: Introduction, Soil, Plant, Fertilizer, and Agricultural Water. It focuses on the analysis and elaboration of various forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other macroelements, as well as zinc, copper, boron, and molybdenum, which are trace elements. This includes sample pretreatment, gravimetric methods, titration methods, and the control of determination conditions as well as the exclusion of interfering elements. The book also discusses agricultural chemical analysis and fertilization, and explains the Stanford formula and its modifications for soil fertility determination. The book is well-structured, concise in language, and highly practical and operational. It is suitable for readers in soil agriculture, fertilizer industry, and environmental protection, as well as for teachers and students in agricultural institutions.
Introduction: The book is divided into five chapters: Introduction, Soil, Plant, Fertilizer, and Agricultural Water. It focuses on the analysis and elaboration of various forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other macroelements, as well as zinc, copper, boron, and molybdenum, which are trace elements. This includes sample pretreatment, gravimetric methods, titration methods, and the control of determination conditions as well as the exclusion of interfering elements. The book also discusses agricultural chemical analysis and fertilization, and explains the Stanford formula and its modifications for soil fertility determination. The book is well-structured, concise in language, and highly practical and operational. It is suitable for readers in soil agriculture, fertilizer industry, and environmental protection, as well as for teachers and students in agricultural institutions.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Practical Mathematics in Agricultural Chemical Analysis
1.1.1 Accuracy and Precision
1.1.2 Measurement of Mass and Volume and Their Accuracy
1.1.3 Significant Figures and Their Application
1.1.4 Common Solution Measurement Units and Calculations
1.1.5 Quantification of Acidity Adjustment
1.1.6 Linear Equation of Standard Curves
1.1.7 Measurement Units and Important Calculation Formulas of Analytical Results
1.1.8 Data Processing of Analytical Results
1.1.9 Discussion on the Linear Equation Representation of Agricultural Chemical Analysis Results
1.1.10 Hydrological Correction of Analytical Results
1.2 Fundamentals of Agricultural Chemical Analysis
1.2.1 Water
1.2.2 Electricity
1.2.3 Reagents
1.2.4 Basic Containers
1.2.5 Basic Equipment
1.2.6 Basic Analytical Instruments
1.3 Common Solutions in Agricultural Chemical Analysis
1.3.1 Common Reagent Solutions
1.3.2 Common pH Buffer Solutions
1.3.3 Common Indicators and Color Developers
1.3.4 Common Standard Solutions
1.4 Basic Techniques in Agricultural Chemical Analysis
1.4.1 Weighing Techniques
1.4.2 Sample Decomposition Techniques
1.4.3 Distillation and Diffusion Techniques for Nitrogen Determination
1.4.4 Titration Techniques
1.4.5 Hot Bath Techniques
1.4.6 Filtration and Centrifugal Separation Techniques
1.4.7 Container Washing Techniques
1.5 Basic Methods in Agricultural Chemical Analysis
1.5.1 Gravimetric Methods
1.5.2 Neutralization Titration Methods
1.5.3 EDTA Complexometric Titration Methods
1.5.4 Redox Titration Methods
1.5.5 Potentiometric Methods
1.5.6 Spectrophotometric Methods
1.5.7 Flame Photometric Methods
1.5.8 Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Methods
1.6 Application of Microcomputer Technology in Agricultural Chemical Analysis
1.6.1 Overview
1.6.2 Classification of Modern Analytical Instruments
1.6.3 Technical Characteristics of Conventional Modern Analytical Instruments
Chapter 2 Soil
2.1 Collection and Treatment of Soil Samples
2.1.1 Collection of Soil Samples
2.1.2 Treatment of Soil Samples (Preparation of Soil Test Samples)
2.1.3 Requirements for Sample Particle Size for Soil Testing Items
2.1.4 Preparation of Soil Clays (Particle Size < 0.002 mm)
2.1.5 Gradual Settling Separation of Soil Particles
2.2 Basic Properties of Soil
2.2.1 Soil Moisture Content (and Soil Moisture Coefficient)
2.2.2 Soil pH Value
2.2.3 Soil Texture
2.3 Total Mineral Content of Soil
2.3.1 Overview
2.3.2 Preparation of Systematic Analysis Test Solutions
2.3.3 Determination of Silicon (SiO?)
2.3.4 Determination of the Acidity Function [V] of Systematic Analysis Test Solutions
2.3.5 Continuous Determination of Iron (Fe) and Aluminum (Al)
2.3.6 Determination of Titanium (Ti)
2.3.7 Continuous Determination of Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg)
2.3.8 Determination of Potassium (K) and Sodium (Na)
2.3.9 Determination of Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu)
2.3.10 Determination of Phosphorus (P)
2.3.11 Determination of Sulfur (S)
2.3.12 Determination of Soil Ignition Loss
2.4 Soil Organic Matter
2.4.1 Soil Organic Carbon
2.4.2 Soil Organic Matter
2.4.3 Analysis of Soil Humic Acid Components
2.5 Soil Cation Exchange Capacity
2.5.1 Overview
2.5.2 Soil Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)
2.5.3 Soil Hydrolytic Acidity (HCA)
2.5.4 Soil Exchangeable Acidity
2.5.5 Composition of Exchangeable Salts in Neutral and Acidic Soils (CEB)
2.5.6 Soil Base Saturation
2.6 Soil Nutrients
2.6.1 Nitrogen (N)
2.6.2 Phosphorus (P)
2.6.3 Potassium (K)
2.6.4 Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg)
2.6.5 Silicon (SiO?)
2.6.6 Sulfur (S)
2.6.7 Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), and Iron (Fe)
2.6.8 Boron (B)
2.6.9 Molybdenum (Mo)
2.6.10 Chlorine (Cl)
Chapter 3 Plant
3.1 Collection and Treatment of Plant Samples
3.1.1 Collection of Plant Samples
3.1.2 Treatment of Plant Samples
3.2 Analysis of Basic Composition Components of Plants
3.2.1 Determination of Plant Moisture
3.2.2 Determination of Total Carbon in Plants
3.2.3 Determination of Total Nitrogen in Plants
3.2.4 Determination of Plant Crude Ash
3.3 Analysis of Mineral Composition of Plants
3.3.1 Overview
3.3.2 Preparation of Systematic Analysis Test Solutions
3.3.3 Determination of Phosphorus (P)
3.3.4 Determination of Potassium (K)
3.3.5 Determination of Sodium (Na)
3.3.6 Determination of Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg)
3.3.7 Determination of Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), and Iron (Fe)
3.3.8 Determination of Boron (B)
3.3.9 Determination of Chlorine (Cl)
3.3.10 Determination of Sulfur (S)
3.3.11 Determination of Silicon (SiO?)
3.4 Analysis of Major Organic Components of Plants
3.4.1 Determination of Plant Proteins
3.4.2 Determination of Plant Starch
3.4.3 Determination of Plant Fats (Residual Weight Method)
3.4.4 Determination of Plant Cellulose
3.5 Analysis of Components in Plant Fresh Sample Extracts
3.5.1 Overview
3.5.2 Sample Preparation
3.5.3 Mineral Composition Analysis
3.5.4 Organic Composition Analysis
Chapter 4 Fertilizer
4.1 Overview
4.2 Collection and Treatment of Fertilizer Samples
4.2.1 Collection of Fertilizer Samples
4.2.2 Preparation of Fertilizer Test Samples
4.3 Nitrogen (N) Analysis
4.3.1 Overview
4.3.2 Determination of Total Nitrogen
4.3.3 Determination of Different Forms of Nitrogen
4.4 Phosphorus (P) Analysis
4.4.1 Overview
4.4.2 Preparation of Test Solutions for Different Indicators of Phosphorus
4.4.3 Determination of Phosphorus
4.5 Potassium (K) Analysis—Determination of Total Potassium
4.6 Trace Element Analysis
4.6.1 Overview
4.6.2 Determination of Iron (Fe)
4.6.3 Determination of Copper (Cu)
4.6.4 Determination of Zinc (Zn)
4.6.5 Determination of Manganese (Mn)
4.6.6 Continuous Determination of Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), and Manganese (Mn)
4.6.7 Determination of Molybdenum (Mo)
4.6.8 Determination of Boron (B)
4.6.9 Analysis of Trace Elements in Compound Micro-fertilizers
4.6.10 Analysis of Trace Elements in Compound (Mixture) Fertilizers
4.7 Analysis of Minor Components in Fertilizers
4.7.1 Overview
4.7.2 Determination of Available Silicon (SiO?)
4.7.3 Determination of Available Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg)
4.7.4 Determination of SO?2?
4.7.5 Determination of Cl?
4.8 Determination of Fertilizer Acidity and Alkalinity
4.8.1 Determination of pH Value of Fertilizer Aqueous Solution
4.8.2 Determination of Fertilizer Acidity and Alkalinity
4.9 Analysis of Organic Carbon in Organic Fertilizers
4.9.1 Overview
4.9.2 Determination of Organic Matter in Organic Fertilizers
4.9.3 Determination of Humic Acid in Organic Fertilizers
4.10 Determination of Moisture Content in Fertilizers
Chapter 5 Agricultural Water
5.1 Overview
5.2 Collection and Treatment of Water Samples
5.2.1 Collection of Water Samples
5.2.2 Treatment of Water Samples
5.2.3 Determination of Sediment Content
5.3 Analysis of Water Samples
5.3.1 Basic Properties of Water Samples
5.3.2 Mineral Composition Analysis
5.3.3 Analysis of Heavy Metal Elements
5.4 Analysis of Sediments
5.4.1 Overview
5.4.2 Sample Treatment
5.4.3 Analysis of Plant Nutrient Elements
5.4.4 Analysis of Heavy Metal Elements
5.4.5 Analysis of Reducing Properties
Chapter 6 Conclusion
6.1 Agricultural Chemical Analysis and Fertilization
6.1.1 Plant Nutrient Theoretical Basis of Modern Fertilization
6.1.2 Main Nutritional Roles of Essential Nutrient Elements
6.1.3 Basic Laws of Mineral Nutrition Theory
6.2 Soil Testing and Fertilization
6.2.1 Meaning of Soil Available Nutrients
6.2.2 Nutrient Balance Fertilization Method
6.2.3 Yield-Based Measurement Method
6.3 Crop Nutrient Diagnosis
6.3.1 Overview
6.3.2 Morphological Nutrient Diagnosis of Crops
6.3.3 Analytical Nutrient Diagnosis of Crops
Appendix
Appendix 1 Common Constants and Parameters in Agricultural Chemical Analysis
1.1 Relative Atomic Masses of Common Elements
1.2 Physical Properties of Common Inorganic Compounds (Reagents)
1.3 Solubility Product Constants [Ksp(18–25°C), Ksp = antilg(-pKsp)]
1.4 Dissociation Constants of Weak Acids and Weak Bases in Water (25°C)
1.5 Approximate pH Values of Metal Hydroxide Precipitates
1.6 Viscosity Coefficient of Water (η)
1.7 Standard Sieve Hole Reference
1.8 Estimation of Furnace Temperature Based on the Color of Burning Objects
Appendix 2 Parameters Related to Soil, Plants, and Fertilizers
2.1 Basic Properties and Main Nutrient Content of Cultivated Soils in China
2.2 Average Content of Available Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium in Different Soil Regions of China
2.3 Content of Trace Elements in Cultivated Soils in China
2.4 Classification Indicators of Soil Trace Elements
2.5 Average Content of Nutrient Elements in Normal Growing Plant Dry Matter
2.6 Nutrient Content Levels of Major Crops
2.7 Content of Trace Elements in Deficient or Excessive Plants
2.8 Nutrient Content for Harvesting 1000 kg of Seed (Air-Dried) Crop
2.9 Nutrient Content for Harvesting 1000 kg of Fresh Vegetables
2.10 Main Components of Major Crop Products
2.11 Main Components of Major Vegetables
2.12 Main Components of Major Fruits
2.13 Composition and Components of Major Chemical Fertilizers
2.14 Composition and Components of Major Micro-fertilizers
Main References