Coal liquefaction technology

Author: Gao Jinsheng Zhang Dexiang
Publisher:
Publishing Date: 2005-03-01
Features: This book is a part of the series "New Technologies for Clean Coal Conversion." The book consists of three chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the basic knowledge of coal and petroleum chemistry; Chapter 2 provides a detailed introduction to coal direct liquefaction technology, including processes, catalysts, equipment, important engineering issues, and techno-economic analysis; Chapter 3 mainly introduces coal indirect liquefaction technology, including synthesis principles, catalysts, synthesis processes, engineering issues, and techno-economic analysis, as well as the production of important products such as dimethyl ether, alcohols, and carbon-1 chemical products. The book follows the main line of chemistry - process - engineering - techno-economics. This book is suitable for engineering technicians and researchers engaged in coal energy conversion, coal chemical industry, and energy-related fields.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Analysis of China's Energy Situation and Security
1.1.1 Energy Situation Analysis
1.1.2 Demand for Oil in China and Energy Security
1.2 Engine Fuels
1.2.1 Introduction
1.2.2 Gasoline
1.2.3 Diesel
1.2.4 Jet Fuel
1.3 Raw Coal for Coal Liquefaction
1.3.1 Coal Formation Process and Coal Classification
1.3.2 Basic Analysis Indicators of Coal
1.3.3 Chemical Structure of Coal
1.3.4 Some Physical and Physicochemical Properties of Coal
1.3.5 Some Chemical Properties of Coal
1.4 Petroleum Chemistry and Processing
1.4.1 Composition of Crude Oil
1.4.2 Chemical Classification and Evaluation of Crude Oil
1.4.3 Overview of Petroleum Refining
1.5 Production of Syngas
1.5.1 Coal Gasification for Syngas Production
1.5.2 Production of Syngas from Natural Gas
1.5.3 Production of Syngas from Coke Oven Gas and Refinery Dry Gas
1.5.4 Purification of Raw Gas and Syngas
1.6 Hydrogen Production
1.6.1 Classification of Hydrogen Production Processes
1.6.2 Hydrogen Production from Syngas
1.6.3 Recovery of Hydrogen from Gas
Main References
122
Chapter 2 Coal Direct Liquefaction Technology
2.1 Development History of Coal Direct Liquefaction Technology
2.1.1 Overview of Coal Liquefaction
2.1.2 Development History of Foreign Coal Direct Liquefaction Technology
2.1.3 Overview of China's Coal Direct Liquefaction Technology Development
2.2 Coal Direct Liquefaction Chemistry
2.2.1 Chemical Reactions in Coal Hydrogenation Liquefaction
2.2.2 Experimental Research Methods for Coal Hydrogenation Liquefaction
2.2.3 Reaction Pathway of Coal Hydrogenation Liquefaction
2.2.4 Reaction Kinetics of Coal Hydrogenation Liquefaction
2.2.5 Factors Affecting Coal Hydrogenation Liquefaction
2.3 Direct Liquefaction Catalysts
2.3.1 Introduction
2.3.2 Types of Coal Hydrogenation Liquefaction Catalysts
2.3.3 Role of Catalysts in Coal Hydrogenation Liquefaction
2.3.4 Factors Affecting Catalyst Activity
2.3.5 Upgrading Catalysts for Liquefaction Crude Oil
2.3.6 Catalyst Production
2.4 Coal Direct Liquefaction Process
2.4.1 Overview of Coal Hydrogenation Liquefaction Plant Process Flow
2.4.2 Coal Direct Catalytic Hydrogenation Liquefaction Process
2.4.3 Coal Hydrogenation Extraction Liquefaction Process
2.4.4 Russian Low-Pressure Hydrogenation Liquefaction Process Flow
2.4.5 Coal-Oil Co-processing (COP) Process
2.4.6 Shenhua Coal Direct Liquefaction Process in China
2.5 Primary Products and Upgrading of Coal Direct Liquefaction
2.5.1 Properties of Coal Direct Liquefaction Primary Products (Liquefaction Crude Oil)
2.5.2 Upgrading Chemistry of Liquefaction Crude Oil
2.5.3 Upgrading Process of Liquefaction Crude Oil
2.6 Key Equipment and Some Engineering Issues of Coal Direct Liquefaction
2.6.1 Coal Slurry Preheater
2.6.2 Reactor
2.6.3 High-Temperature Gas Separator
2.6.4 High-Pressure Low-Temperature Separator
2.6.5 High-Pressure Heat Exchanger
2.6.6 Main Damage Forms of Hydrogenation Equipment
2.6.7 Catalyst
2.6.8 Liquefaction Residue Separation and Efficient Utilization
2.6.9 Wear and Blockage
2.6.10 Data Needed for Engineering Design
2.7 Techno-Economic Analysis of Coal Direct Liquefaction
2.7.1 Techno-Economic Analysis of Coal Direct Liquefaction Technology
2.7.2 Economic Aspects
Main References
323
Chapter 3 Coal Indirect Liquefaction Technology
3.1 History and Current Status of Coal Indirect Liquefaction
3.1.1 History of Coal Indirect Liquefaction
3.1.2 Current Status and Technological Development of Indirect Liquefaction
3.2 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Principles
3.2.1 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Reaction
3.2.2 Thermodynamic Analysis of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Reaction
3.2.3 Reaction Mechanism
3.2.4 Product Distribution
3.2.5 FT Synthesis Kinetics
3.2.6 Factors Affecting FT Synthesis
3.3 FT Synthesis Catalysts
3.3.1 Introduction to Industrial Catalysts
3.3.2 Composition and Function of FT Synthesis Catalysts
3.3.3 Preparation of FT Synthesis Catalysts
3.3.4 Deactivation, Poisoning, and Regeneration of FT Synthesis Catalysts
3.3.5 Research and Development of New Catalysts
3.4 FT Synthesis Process and Products
3.4.1 Information from Sasol
3.4.2 Synthesis Process
3.5 Some Issues in FT Synthesis Engineering
3.5.1 FT Catalytic Synthesis Reactor
3.5.2 Reactor Bed Temperature and Heat Transfer
3.5.3 Techno-Economic Analysis of Indirect Liquefaction
3.6 Synthesis of Methanol and Low-Carbon Mixed Alcohols from CO and H2
3.6.1 Properties and Uses of Low-Carbon Alcohols
3.6.2 Chemical Principles of Low-Carbon Alcohol Synthesis
3.6.3 Catalysts for Low-Carbon Alcohol Synthesis
3.6.4 Low-Carbon Alcohol Synthesis Process
3.7 Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether from CO and H2
3.7.1 Properties and Uses of Dimethyl Ether
3.7.2 Principle of Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether from Syngas
3.7.3 One-Step Synthesis Process of Dimethyl Ether
3.7.4 Economy of Dimethyl Ether
3.8 MTG Technology
3.8.1 Chemical Principles of Methanol Conversion to Hydrocarbons
3.8.2 Catalysts
3.8.3 Methanol-to-Gasoline Process
3.8.4 Methanol-to-Olefins (MTO)
3.9 Other Products and Development Prospects of Carbon-1 Chemistry
3.9.1 Acetic Acid/Acetic Anhydride Production by Methanol Carbonylation
3.9.2 Other Carbon-1 Chemical Products
Main References
471