Spheres and large storage tanks

Author: Xu Yingyang, Yifan Yang, Zhu Ping
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2005-01-01
Features: Introduction The "Comprehensive Handbook of Chemical Equipment Design" consists of 15 volumes, including: "Steels for Chemical Equipment," "High-Pressure Vessels," "Heat Exchangers," "Agitators," "Spheres and Large Storage Tanks," "Drying Equipment," "Aluminum Chemical Equipment," "Graphite Chemical Equipment," "Chemical Containers," "Ultra-High-Pressure Vessels," "Tower Equipment," "Waste Heat Boilers," "Dust Collection Equipment," "Titanium Chemical Equipment," and "Steel Structures," among others. This book is "Spheres and Large Storage Tanks," divided into two parts. The first part covers spheres, primarily introducing knowledge on material selection, spherical shell design, structural determination, strength calculations, as well as manufacturing and inspection aspects. It also cites examples of the application of current domestic codes and foreign codes in production practice. The second part covers large storage tanks, primarily introducing basic knowledge on the structural design of tank bodies, stress calculations, corrosion prevention design, and design examples of low-pressure storage tanks. Additionally, it covers tank accessories and selection, storage and transportation safety, construction, and inspection aspects. This book is available for reference by designers of spheres and large storage tanks, relevant engineering technicians, and students and teachers of higher education institutions and related professional fields.
Table of Contents
Part 1: Spheres
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Characteristics of Spheres 3
1.2 Classification of Spheres 3
1.3 Design Parameters of Spheres 3
Chapter 2: Material Selection
2.1 Criteria for Sphere Material Selection 10
2.2 Interpretation of Sphere Material Selection 11
2.3 Plate for Shells 12
2.4 Forged Steel for Components 17
2.5 Selection of Steel Pipes 17
2.6 Bolts and Nuts 18
2.7 Welding Materials 20
Chapter 3: Structural Design
3.1 Overview 22
3.2 Design of Spherical Shells 23
3.3 Support Design 36
3.4 Manholes and Nozzles 41
3.5 Accessories of Spheres 43
3.6 Requirements for Foundations of Spheres 54
3.7 Seismic Structural Design of Spheres 56
References 59
Chapter 4: Strength Calculations
4.1 Determination of Shell Thickness 60
4.2 Calculations of Supports and Rods 62
4.3 Strength Calculations at Various Connections 69
4.4 Calculation Examples 71
References 84
Chapter 5: Factory Manufacturing and On-Site Assembly
5.1 Factory Manufacturing 85
5.2 On-Site Assembly 86
5.3 Preparation of Assembly Plans 91
5.4 Assembly Preparation 95
5.5 Control of Assembly Precision 95
5.6 Safety Measures for Assembly 96
References 97
Chapter 6: Welding
6.1 Weldability of Steel 98
6.2 Determination of Welding Processes 100
6.3 Training and Evaluation of Welders 101
6.4 Examples of Sphere Welding Processes 101
6.5 Post-Weld Heat Treatment 107
References 108
Chapter 7: Inspection
7.1 Inspection of Raw Materials 109
7.2 Shop Manufacturing Inspection 110
7.3 Installation and Welding Inspection 112
7.4 Completion Inspection 116
7.5 Safety Inspection during Operation 118
Part 2: Large Storage Tanks
Chapter 1: General Introduction
1.1 Overview 123
1.2 Factors Affecting Storage Tank Process Systems and Construction 127
1.3 Types and Selection of Storage Tanks 129
1.4 Liquid Loss in Storage Tanks 133
1.5 Materials and Selection for Storage Tanks 136
1.6 Design of Liquid Chemical Storage Tanks 140
1.7 Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Methods for Large Storage Tanks 144
References 147
Chapter 2: Selection of Economic Dimensions and Loads
2.1 Selection of Economic Dimensions of Storage Tanks 148
2.2 Loads 151
References 157
Chapter 3: Tank Wall Design
3.1 Strength Calculation of Tank Walls 158
3.2 Wind Stability Calculation of Storage Tanks 169
3.3 Seismic Calculation of Storage Tanks 174
3.4 Tank Wall Structure 178
3.5 Accessories of Tank Walls 181
3.6 Corrosion Prevention Structure Design 188
References 191
Chapter 4: Tank Bottom Design
4.1 Structural Design of Tank Bottoms 192
4.2 Stress Calculation of Tank Bottoms 199
References 211
Chapter 5: Tank Top Design
5.1 Fixed Tops 212
5.2 Floating Tops 224
5.3 Internal Floating Tank Tops 258
References 264
Chapter 6: Low-Pressure Tank Design
6.1 Scope of Application of Low-Pressure Tanks 265
6.2 Design of Anchorless Low-Pressure Arch Tops 265
6.3 Design of Anchored Low-Pressure Arch Tops 268
6.4 Design Examples 275
References 279
Chapter 7: Tank Accessories and Their Selection
7.1 Overview 280
7.2 Common Accessories 280
7.3 Tank Agitators 298
7.4 Selection and Arrangement of Tank Accessories 303
References 307
Chapter 8: Fire and Other Safety Facilities for Storage Tanks and Transportation Systems
8.1 Overview of Fire Protection for Storage Tanks and Transportation Systems 308
8.2 Foam Firefighting Facilities 308
8.3 Other Firefighting Methods for Storage Tanks 312
8.4 Other Safety Facilities 313
Chapter 9: Construction and Inspection of Storage Tanks
9.1 Construction of Storage Tanks 318
9.2 Inspection, Testing, and Acceptance of Storage Tanks 326
9.3 Introduction to Typical Construction Methods of Storage Tanks 328
Chapter 10: Tank Foundations
10.1 Overview 331
10.2 Selection of Tank Foundations 331
10.3 Ground Treatment for Tank Foundations 334
10.4 Other Types of Tank Foundations 335
Chapter 11: Instrument Selection for Storage and Transportation Systems
11.1 Overview 336
11.2 Classification and Requirements of Automation Instruments 336
11.3 Common Instruments and Their Selection for Tank Areas 339
11.4 Analysis of Accidents Caused by Missing or Malfunctioning Instrument Monitoring in Tank Areas 349
References 350