Mining Handbook. Volume 6

Author: Chief Editor: Lu Guorong
Publisher:
Publish Date: 1999-09-01
Features: The Mining Handbook is divided into 41 chapters and published in seven volumes:
Volume 1: Mine Geology and Mine Surveying
Volume 2: Blasting and Rock Support
Volume 3: Open-Pit Mining
Volume 4: Underground Mining
Volume 5: Mine Transport and Equipment
Volume 6: Mine Ventilation and Safety
Volume 7: Mine Management
This volume is the sixth, covering six chapters: Mine Safety Engineering, Mine Ventilation, Mine Water Prevention and Drainage, Mine Fire Prevention, Mine Hygiene Engineering, and Mine Environmental Engineering. This book is primarily intended for mine mining engineers, and it is also an important reference for researchers, designers, educators, and mine management personnel involved in mining.
Excerpt: The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Labor and Personnel issued the Provisional Regulations on Investigating Major Responsibility Accidents, consisting of 18 articles. The main content includes: Major responsibility accident cases in mine enterprises where employees die due to violations (one or more deaths, or three or more serious injuries) or cause significant economic losses, are directly handled by the People's Procuratorate. Relevant units should report to the local People's Procuratorate and protect the scene. The site can only be cleared with the consent of the labor department, the People's Procuratorate, or the accident investigation team. For individuals who commit major accident crimes or negligence, criminal penalties must be imposed. Those who conceal, falsify, or intentionally delay reporting, resulting in serious consequences, will be held legally responsible by the People's Procuratorate. The People's Procuratorate and the labor department select typical cases for public handling. If the People's Procuratorate discovers loopholes or hazards in factories or mines during the investigation of major responsibility accidents, it should propose corrective measures or issue Procuratorial Suggestions to prevent accidents.
8) On July 15, 1986, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions issued a notice titled Measures to Strengthen Public Oversight and Reduce Casualties. The notice proposed the following 12 points:
1. Situation and Tasks
2. Review and Implement Safety Measures in Economic Contracting Plans
3. Eliminate Accident Hazards
4. Stop Violating Commands and Operations
5. Support Workers' Reasonable Safety Demands
6. Strengthen Technical Training and Safety Education
7. Participate in Investigating Major Casualty Accidents
8. Conduct Safety Production Competitions
9. Focus on Typical Cases and Promote Advanced Experiences
10. Include Labor Protection Issues in the Agenda of Worker Congresses
11. Establish Responsibility Systems at All Levels
12. Inspections and Assessments
32.3 Mine Accident Management
32.3.1 Definition of Mine Accidents
Mine accidents refer to unexpected incidents in the production process of mine enterprises that cause harm to the human body (including acute poisoning), damage to property, or disrupt normal production due to hazardous factors. Depending on the consequences, mine accidents are categorized into production accidents, equipment accidents, personal injury accidents, and near-miss accidents (or uncompleted accidents). Personal injury accidents are often referred to as casualties, work-related accidents, or work-related deaths, also known as occupational casualties. The compensation for mine accidents must be based on labor protection policies and labor insurance regulations. Therefore, the definition of mine accidents has strong policy implications, as it involves the burden on enterprises and the direct interests of employees. Currently, the National Mine Safety Supervision Department interprets it and makes numerous supplementary regulations and explanations as needed. It must be noted that "occupational casualties" and "casualties in the course of duty" are two terms with different meanings. They differ in handling and countermeasures.
32.3.2 Classification of Mine Accidents
Mine accidents can be classified based on the cause of the accident, the nature of the accident, the severity of injury, the severity of the accident, and the nature of responsibility.
(1) Classification by Cause of Accident
1) Natural factors, including accidents caused by earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, typhoons, etc.
2) Non-natural factors, including unsafe acts of persons, unsafe conditions of objects, harsh environments, management deficiencies, and improper handling of abnormal situations. This chapter primarily discusses accidents caused by non-natural factors.
(2) Classification by Nature of Accident
1) Object (refers to injuries caused by falling objects, rolling stones, hammering, fragmentation, collapse, and strikes, excluding object caused by explosions);
2) Vehicle injuries (including crushing, squeezing, overturning, etc.);
3) Mechanical injuries (including injuries caused by machinery, tools, etc., such as entanglement, crushing, collision, cutting, and piercing);
4) Hoisting injuries (injuries caused by starting equipment or its operation);
5) Electric shock (including lightning injuries);
6) Drowning;
7) Burns and scalds;
8) Fires;
9) Falls from height (including falls from scaffolds, roofs, or into pits on flat ground);
10) Collapses (including the collapse of buildings, stacked materials, and earthworks);
11) Roof caving and side slope failures;
12) Water inrush;
13) Blasting;
14) Explosions of explosives (explosions during production, transportation, or storage);
15) Gas explosions (including coal dust explosions);
16) Boiler explosions;
17) Container explosions;
18) Other explosions (including chemical explosions, furnace explosions, ladle explosions, etc.);
19) Poisoning (gas, oil, asphalt, chemicals, carbon monoxide poisoning, etc.) and asphyxiation;
20) Other injuries (sprains, falls, frostbite, animal bites, etc.).
(3) Classification by Severity of Injury
1) Minor injuries refer to disabling injuries with loss of workdays below 105 days as specified in Tables 32-2, 32-3, and 32-4. Loss of workdays refers to the time during which the injured person is unable to work;
2) Serious injuries refer to disabling injuries with loss of workdays equal to or exceeding 105 days as specified in the tables;
3) Death.
(4) Classification by Severity of Accident
1) Minor injury accidents refer to accidents with only minor injuries;
2) Serious injury accidents refer to accidents where some injured persons have serious injuries and minor injuries but no deaths;
3) Death accidents refer to accidents where fatalities occur, which can be further divided into two categories: major casualty accidents (one to two deaths in a single accident) and major casualty accidents (three or more deaths in a single accident).
(5) Classification by Nature of Responsibility
1) Responsible accidents refer to injuries caused by the negligence of relevant personnel;
2) Sabotage accidents refer to accidents intentionally created to achieve certain purposes;
3) Natural accidents refer to accidents caused by natural factors or unknown factors, which are currently beyond human resistance.