Magnetic resonance diagnosis integration

Author: (USA) Stephen J. Pomeranz
Translator: Wang Yongsheng et al.
Editor-in-Chief: Liu Yongting et al.
Publisher:
Publish Date: 1998-04-01
Features:
Segment: A-11 Black Signal
1. Flow void
2. Air or gas
3. Hemosiderin (with T2 variation)
4. Iron, copper, or metal
5. Bone
6. Calcification
7. Superparamagnetic contrast agent
8. Ligaments, tendons, fascia
9. Susceptibility-induced artifacts
Segment: A-12 Low Signal Ring
1. Hemosiderin ring: Chronic hematoma
2. Magnetization artifact ring: Glioma or astrocytoma
3. Pseudocapsule of dura mater, cerebrospinal fluid, fissure, connective tissue hyperplasia, vessels: Meningioma
4. Fibrocartilage ring: Abscess, neurocysticercosis, meningioma
Segment: A-13 Cerebral Parenchymal Lesions (T1 Low Signal, T2 High Signal)
Long T1 and T2 relaxation, no enhancement, no mass effect
1. Hypoxia
2. Gliosis (infection, infarction, trauma)
3. Low-grade astrocytoma
4. Demyelinating plaque
5. Shear injury
6. Tuberous sclerosis
Long T1 and T2 relaxation, with enhancement, no mass effect
1. Flow void
2. Low-toxicity infection
3. Multiple sclerosis or demyelinating plaque
4. Normal vessels or veins
5. Small astrocytoma
6. Small or early metastatic tumor
7. Small vascular abnormality
8. Vascular encephalitis
9. Meningoencephalitis
10. Acute late or subacute cerebral infarction
Long T1 and T2 relaxation, no enhancement, with mass effect
1. Acute late or subacute early cerebral infarction
2. Cerebral contusion
3. Cryptococcal mass
4. Hyperacute hemorrhage
5. Low-grade astrocytoma
Long T1 and T2 relaxation, with enhancement, with mass effect
1. Abscess
2. Encephalitis
3. Gangliocytoma (rare)
4. High-grade astrocytoma
5. Metastatic tumor
6. Lymphoma (primary or metastatic)
7. Primary neuroectodermal tumor
8. Radiation necrosis
9. Demyelinating multiple sclerosis
Segment: A-14 Periventricular Lesions
T1 dark, T2 bright, subependymal, no enhancement, smooth
1. Central vasogenic edema
2. Interstitial edema
3. Ischemic gliosis or demyelinating lesions
4. Normal caudate nucleus body
5. Interstitial cerebral edema after subependymal demyelinating lesions
T1 dark, T2 bright, subependymal, no enhancement, irregular
1. Tuberous sclerosis hamartoma
2. Ectopic gray matter mass
T1 dark, T2 bright, subependymal, with enhancement, smooth
1. Subependymal tumor spread
2. Ventriculitis or ependymitis
T1 dark, T2 bright, subependymal, with enhancement, irregular
1. Gigantocellular astrocytoma (tuberous sclerosis)
2. Subependymal tumor spread
Subependymal tumor spread
1. Breast metastatic tumor
2. Ependymoma
3. Glioblastoma