Euthyphro, Apology of Socrates, Crito

Author: Plato
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2003-08-01
Features: Around 392 BC, Plato, a disciple of Socrates, wrote works such as "Apology of Socrates," "Crito," and "Euthyphro" that recorded his teacher's philosophical thoughts. These are generally referred to as his early works. Reading this book, which includes these three works today, inevitably reminds one of Socrates' famous saying—only reason is truly valuable. Dear Crito, your enthusiasm is valuable, but if it is based on just principles, otherwise, the more fervent your enthusiasm, the harder it is to comply. We must consider whether this is something we should do or not; I always obey reason, not just now but always, and nothing else can bind me. After careful consideration, only reason is truly valuable. I cannot abandon my past words due to the current situation; they remain unchanged, and I still respect them. In the current circumstances, if I cannot overcome my past principles, recognize that I will not yield to you, even if the intimidation of the masses, like that of children, threatens us with even greater terror than what we are facing now, such as imprisonment, execution, or confiscation. How can we think about this issue rationally? Should we first examine your statements about opinions: that some opinions must be attended to while others need not—was this statement correct? Or was it well said before my impending punishment, but now it seems like empty words, a frivolous waste of time? Crito, I earnestly ask that we examine together: whether our past words still hold the same weight in my current situation, or if they have changed? Should we withdraw or be invited to take your seat, and obey your command? I believe that those whose words are recognized as meaningful often say that some opinions must be valued. Others need not, as I just pointed out. In the name of the gods, Crito, do you not agree that this statement is well made? From human nature, you do not fear death tomorrow, and your current misfortune should not cause your mind to become confused. Not all opinions must be respected; some must be, while others need not. Not all opinions have value; some do, and others do not;—please examine whether this statement seems to you to have sufficient reason, whether it is well made? What do you think.