Practical Sports Physiology

Author: Editor-in-Chief: Yang Xirang
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2003-08-01
Features:
Fragment: Most theories and viewpoints in exercise physiology are obtained, summarized, and continuously tested in practice. Only by integrating exercise physiology with the practical work of physical education teaching and sports training, as well as other basic disciplines, conducting comprehensive, systematic, and in-depth research, can it make greater contributions to sports practice.
II. The Development Process of Exercise Physiology
(I) A Brief History of Exercise Physiology
Exercise physiology is a relatively young discipline in the long history of scientific development. As a branch of physiology, it has only been a part of this discipline since the beginning of the 20th century, while physiology itself has a history of over three hundred years. Looking at the development of exercise physiology worldwide in the early 20th century, the British physiologist Hill (Hill) should be ranked first. At that time, he published three classic works on exercise physiology: Muscle Activity, Human Muscle Movement—Regulation of Speed and Fatigue Factors, and The Living Machine. For this reason, some physiologists consider Hill to be the "father of exercise physiology." During the same period, other important figures from various countries also made outstanding contributions to exercise physiology, such as Krestovnikoff from the Soviet Union, Yoshida Shigenobu from Japan, B8in-Bridge from the United Kingdom, and McKenzie from the United States. These exercise physiologists conducted extensive research in different fields, and their influential representative works are as follows: B8in-Bridge published the book Muscle Movement Physiology, discussing the process of energy changes during exercise and how it occurs in muscles, as well as the regulatory mechanisms of oxygen and nutrient supply during muscle activity and the mechanical mechanisms of muscle movement. His works can be considered to have laid the theoretical foundation for muscle movement physiology. Yoshida Shigenobu wrote a book on Exercise Physiology very early, which had been reprinted nine times by 1932 and can be regarded as an early representative work of exercise physiology in Asia. Krestovnikoff from the Soviet Union was one of the early scholars who made significant contributions to the development of exercise physiology. He was a student of Pavlov and is considered the founder of Soviet exercise physiology. In 1936, he published three collections of Exercise Physiology Essays, which compiled a large amount of experimental data, elaborated on the physiological characteristics of various sports, and played an important role in promoting scientific training. Especially after the founding of New China, it had a guiding significance for the development of exercise physiology in China. McKenzie from the United States published the book Exercise in Teaching and Medicine, discussing changes in respiratory and circulatory functions during exercise, as well as the prevention and treatment of sports injuries. Before China's liberation, only in 1940 did the predecessor of physiology, Professor Cai Qiao, publish the book Exercise Physiology. Later, Zhao Minxue also published a monograph. These were the earliest two representative works of exercise physiology in China. Since the 1920s, when exercise physiology became an independent discipline, with the development of other natural and biological sciences, the field of exercise physiology has also developed rapidly in this half-century. First, the scope of research has become broader, and the depth has also increased, from studies at the whole organism and organ level to research at the cellular, subcellular, and molecular level. Second, in terms of research methods, with the rapid development of electronic technology, the progress of analytical chemistry and its application in physiology, exercise physiology has introduced many new technologies and achievements in research methods and experimental techniques. Third, with the mutual penetration of various disciplines, exercise physiology has also interacted with sports medicine, sports biochemistry, and other disciplines, making the field of research broader and the study of problems deeper.
(II) The Current State of Research in Exercise Physiology
The development of exercise physiology is closely linked with the development of science and technology as a whole. In today's rapidly developing world science and technology, the research in exercise physiology in various aspects shows the following trends.