What are the symptoms of nephrotic syndrome?

Patient's question:

What are the early symptoms and manifestations of nephrotic syndrome?

Doctor's answer:

Edema is a clinical syndrome characterized by swelling. Common causes include primary glomerular diseases (such as primary glomerulitis, focal glomerular sclerosis, etc.), secondary nephritis (such as lupus nephritis, diabetic nephropathy, etc.), secondary infections (such as bacteria, viruses, etc.), circulatory system diseases, drug poisoning, and other factors. In the early stages of this disease, the basement membrane lesions are relatively mild. As the lesions gradually progress, a large amount of protein is excreted in the urine, which is a significant cause of reduced plasma protein levels.

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