Patient's question:
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Doctor's answer:
Hello, jaundice in newborns can be either physiological or pathological. If it is physiological jaundice, it does not require special treatment and will resolve on its own. Pathological jaundice is caused by diseases that lead to abnormal metabolism of bilirubin. It occurs during a specific period in newborns, significantly worsening physiological jaundice and making it easy to confuse with the physiological type. Pathological jaundice is divided into: infectious and non-infectious. Infectious jaundice can be caused by bacterial and other pathogen infections, such as viruses, syphilis spirochetes, toxoplasmosis, etc.; non-infectious jaundice includes hemolytic jaundice, biliary atresia, and genetic diseases, etc.Advice: Physiological jaundice in newborns is generally not severe and has the following characteristics: jaundice usually appears 2-3 days after birth, gradually deepens, reaches its peak on the 4-6th day, and then gradually subsides. Full-term newborns typically recover from jaundice within 2 weeks after birth, while premature infants usually take about 3 weeks. The degree of jaundice is generally mild, with the skin appearing pale yellow. Jaundice often affects only the face and upper body. During jaundice, the child is usually in good condition, with normal body temperature, appetite, urine and stool color, and normal growth and development. Laboratory tests show serum bilirubin levels exceeding the normal range by 2 mg/dL but less than 12 mg/dL. If the child's jaundice falls into this category, parents need not worry.
Pathological jaundice is caused by diseases that lead to abnormal metabolism of bilirubin, occurring during a specific period in newborns, significantly worsening physiological jaundice and making it difficult to diagnose. However, pathological jaundice has some characteristics that differ from physiological jaundice:
① Jaundice appears too early, appearing within 24 hours after birth.
② Jaundice resolves too late, with a prolonged duration exceeding the normal recovery time. Alternatively, jaundice may disappear and then reappear, or it may gradually worsen after reaching its peak.
③ The degree of jaundice is too severe, often affecting the entire body, with yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes.
④ When checking serum bilirubin levels, the level exceeds 12 mg/dL or rises too quickly, with a daily increase of more than 5 mg/dL.
⑤ Besides jaundice, other abnormal conditions are present.
Therefore, when a child has jaundice and exhibits any of the above five characteristics, parents should pay high attention. This helps in early detection of pathological jaundice so that timely treatment can be administered.