Patient's question:
Seizures of the limbs, staring eyes, this has been going on for a few years. I have also been to many hospitals for treatment. After treatment, I don't eat. Please ask: How should it be treated? Can this disease be cured?Doctor's answer:
Although the etiology of pediatric epilepsy is very complex, with the rapid development of medical technology, most of the causes have been clearly identified by people. Overall, from an etiological perspective, epilepsy can be divided into two major categories:1. Primary Epilepsy
This type of epilepsy accounts for 20% of all epilepsy patients. The specific cause cannot be found, and it is mostly related to genetics. Therefore, it is also known as cryptogenic epilepsy or genetic epilepsy.
2. Secondary Epilepsy or Symptomatic Epilepsy
(1) Congenital Brain Developmental Abnormalities, such as lissencephaly (smooth brain), macrogyria (large gyri), pachygyria (thick gyri), heterotopia (grey matter), porencephaly (brain cysts), congenital hydrocephalus, corpus callosum agenesis, arachnoid cysts, microcephaly (small head), and macrocephaly (large head). Epilepsy onset occurs within the first year of life, with diverse forms, primarily characterized by infantile spasms in the early stages.
(2) Neurocutaneous Syndromes, the most common of which include tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, and trigeminal angiofibromatosis.
(3) Genetic Metabolic Disorders, such as phenylketonuria (PKU), hyperammonemia, cerebrolipidosis, and pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy.
(4) Perinatal Brain Injury, primarily including birth trauma, asphyxia, intracranial hemorrhage, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), among which HIE is the most common cause of epilepsy.
(5) Intracranial Infections, such as bacterial meningitis, viral encephalitis, brain abscesses, fungal meningitis, cerebral parasitic diseases, and post-vaccination encephalitis.
(6) Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders, as well as Endocrine Diseases, such as hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, pyridoxine deficiency, and hypothyroidism.
(7) Cerebrovascular Diseases, such as vascular malformations, intracranial hemorrhage, and vasculitis.
(8) Trauma, intracranial hemorrhage, skull fractures, and brain contusions can all lead to epilepsy, but the incidence rate is related to the severity and location of the injury.
(9) Brain Injury After Complex Febrile Seizures also causes epilepsy.
(10) Brain Tumors, such as gliomas and astrocytomas, particularly those located in the parietal, frontal, or temporal lobes, often cause epilepsy.
(11) Brain Degenerative Diseases, such as macular degeneration, multiple sclerosis, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE).
(12) Toxic Brain Diseases, including drug poisoning, food poisoning, carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, organophosphate poisoning, and heavy metal poisoning (mercury, lead, arsenic).