Patient's question:
Sometimes have high fever, sometimes vomit for a week. Previous treatment and effects: Used aminoguanidine and irinotecan, except for a Chinese herbal patch whose name I don't know, it's used to soothe the throat and chest. What kind of assistance is needed: Want to know if the medication is appropriate and that the Chinese...Doctor's answer:
Comprehensive evaluation measures actively suppress inflammation, stabilize lung ventilation function, and prevent complications.General treatment:
- Maintain indoor air supply with room temperature at - degrees.
- Maintain relative humidity at %.
- Keep airways clear and promptly and thoroughly clear upper respiratory secretions.
- Change positions to facilitate sputum elimination.
- Enhance nutrition; diet should include protein and vitamins, with small, frequent meals.
- For severely ill patients unable to defecate, intravenous nutrition can be provided.
- Children with pneumonia caused by different pathogens should be housed separately to prevent cross-infection.
(1) Antibiotics:
- Principles of use: Use drugs sensitive to the pathogen based on the causative agent.
- Early treatment: Combined use of drugs with high concentrations in the lower respiratory tract.
- Sufficient dosage and duration of treatment.
- For severe cases, intravenous administration is recommended.
(2) Antiviral treatment:
- Currently, there are no ideal antiviral drugs for clinical use.
- Drugs under clinical diagnosis include acyclovir, interferon, and polyinosinic acid.
- Symptomatic treatment is also applied.
(3) Oxygen therapy:
- For patients with hypoxemia (e.g., shortness of breath, wheezing, cyanosis of the lips, pale complexion) should be given oxygen immediately.
(4) Maintain airway patency:
- Includes expectorants, (nebulized inhalation), use of urinary smooth muscle relaxants, and ensuring adequate fluid intake.
(5) Treatment of heart failure:
- In addition to sedation and oxygenation, increase myocardial contractility, slow heart rate, and enhance cardiac output.
- Reduce fluid and sodium retention to reduce cardiac load.
(6) Treatment of abdominal pain:
- For patients with hypokalemia, potassium should be supplemented promptly.
- If toxic intestinal paralysis is present, fasting and gastrointestinal detoxification should be performed, with subcutaneous administration of neostigmine.
(7) Treatment of septic shock, brain edema, and respiratory failure:
- Symptomatic treatment should be the basis.
(8) Correction of electrolyte and acid-base balance; use of glucocorticoids:
- Glucocorticoids can increase inflammatory exudation, relieve bronchospasm, stabilize vascular permeability, reduce intracranial pressure, stabilize microcirculation, and treat concurrent conditions and complications.
Concurrent conditions and complications:
- For patients with concurrent rickets or malnutrition, additional treatment should be provided.
- For second-degree neuron empyema or pyopneumothorax, pus and air should be drained promptly.
Other:
- Pulmonary physiotherapy can enhance the resolution of inflammation.
- Thymosin is a cellular immune regulator that can enhance the efficacy of antibiotics.
- Antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E can completely clear oxygen radicals, aiding in recovery.