Basic Carving Technology

Author: Chief Editor: Yang Shoushi
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2001-01-01
Features: This book is compiled based on the "Technical Skill Level Standards for Workers of the People's Republic of China" and the "Occupational Skill Qualification Norms (Lathe Operator)" of the People's Republic of China, covering the professional knowledge and skill requirements for primary-level workers. It primarily introduces the basic knowledge of lathe operations and lathe tooling; turning of shaft-type parts; turning of sleeve-type parts; turning of conical surfaces; forming surface turning and surface finishing; turning of triangular and trapezoidal threads, etc. Various types of machining are illustrated with typical parts as examples, analyzing the characteristics of lathe processing, introducing lathe operations and inspection methods, and demonstrating skills. This book can serve as a training textbook for occupational skill qualification assessment for primary lathe operators or as a self-study reference, as well as a teaching reference for technical schools.
Excerpt:
Basic Knowledge Training Requirements: Understand the basic structure and performance of lathes; master the fundamental knowledge of lathe operations; perform general maintenance on lathes; and correctly use cutting fluids.
Section 1: Basic Knowledge of Lathe
1. Basic Functions of Lathe
The machining method where the workpiece rotates as the main motion and the lathe tool moves as the feed motion is called lathe turning. Lathe turning covers a wide range of applications. Basic lathe turning operations include turning external diameters, facing, parting and grooving, drilling center holes, drilling holes, boring, reaming, spotting, turning threads, turning conical surfaces, turning forming surfaces, rolling and tapping, etc., as shown in Figure 1-1.
2. Names and Functions of Lathe Components
1. Headstock Part
(1) Headstock (Main Shaft Box)
The headstock contains multiple gear, and changing the position of the external handle allows the main shaft to achieve various speeds.
(2) Chuck
Used to clamp workpieces and rotate them together.
2. Change Gear Box Part
Its function is to transmit the rotation of the main shaft to the feed box. By replacing the gears inside the box when necessary, various pitches of threads can be turned.
3. Feed Part
(1) Feed Box
Utilizing the gear transmission mechanism inside the box, it transmits power from the main shaft to the lead screw or the feed rod. Changing the external handle allows the lead screw or feed rod to achieve various speeds.
(2) Lead Screw
Used for turning threads.
(3) Feed Rod
Used to drive the saddle, allowing the lathe tool to move longitudinally or transversely as required.
4. Saddle Part
(1) Saddle Box
By changing the position of the external handle, it drives the lathe tool to perform feed motion in the required direction under the transmission of the lead screw or feed rod.
(2) Saddle, Middle Feed Slide, and Small Feed Slide
The saddle is precisely matched with the lathe guide rails, ensuring axial accuracy during longitudinal feed. The middle feed slide performs transverse feed and ensures radial accuracy. The small feed slide can move at an angle, allowing for taper turning.