Patient's question:
The little head came out from under the eggshell.Doctor's answer:
Hypospadias is the most common congenital anomaly of the male urinary and reproductive system, with an incidence rate of 1/300. Some believe this condition has an autosomal recessive inheritance; if a couple has one child with hypospadias, there is a 10% chance that other children born may also be affected. Under normal circumstances, after the 7th week of embryonic development, the urethral folds gradually fuse from the proximal urethra to the glans penis to form a tubular structure, which is the urethra. This process depends on the secretion of androgens by the embryonic gonads and is also determined by the response of the embryonic urethral groove and folds to dihydrotestosterone. When the formation of the tubular urethra is impaired, hypospadias occurs. Additionally, the mesenchymal tissue at the urethral meatus fails to develop, forming a fan-shaped fibrous cord that surrounds the external urethral orifice and extends and embeds into the glans penis. Therefore, hypospadias has five basic anatomical features:1. Absence of the frenulum;
2. Prepuce concentrated on the dorsal side of the glans in a "turban-like" formation;
3. Flattened glans resembling a shovel;
4. Penile curvature, especially noticeable during erection;
5. Abnormal position of the external urethral orifice.
Classification
Clinically, it is classified based on the location of the urethral meatus.
① Glans type or coronal sulcus type: The urethral meatus opens centrally on the ventral side of the coronal sulcus. Except for a narrower urethral meatus, this type generally does not affect urination or sexual function and may not require surgical treatment.