Patient's question:
The child is energetic at night, sleeps a lot during the day, has a big appetite, and still gets deep sleep. There is frequent urination and defecation, and the weight has slightly increased. Jaundice appeared 3 days after birth and did not subside by day 13. There is a concern that it may be pathological jaundice. After taking Yinzhihuang oral liquid for 2 days, the child had loose stools, ate...Doctor's answer:
Jaundice is a process that every child must go through. Pathological jaundice also doesn't require excessive worry. Follow the doctor's advice, give the child medication and care on schedule. It will improve quickly.Neonatal jaundice (pathological)
1) Infection-related:
① Neonatal hepatitis: Most cases are caused by viruses transmitted to the fetus through the placenta or during childbirth, with cytomegalovirus and hepatitis B virus being common.
② Neonatal sepsis, urinary tract infection: Due to bacterial toxins slowing red blood cell destruction and damaging liver cells.
2) Non-infection-related:
① Neonatal hemolysis;
② Biliary atresia;
③ Breast milk jaundice;
④ Delayed passage of meconium;
⑤ Hereditary diseases such as a deficiency in red blood cell 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (G6PD);
③ Drug-induced jaundice, such as vitamin K.
① Other conditions like hypoglycemia, acidosis, aspiration, skin breakdown, and dehydration can also cause jaundice.
Symptoms:
① Jaundice reappears within 24 hours;
② Severe jaundice with rapid expansion, serum bilirubin > 205 μmol/L (12 mg/dL) or daily increase > 85 μmol/L (5 mg/dL).
③ Persistent jaundice (full-term infants > 2 weeks, preterm infants > 4 weeks) or recurrence with progressive worsening;
④ Serum conjugated bilirubin > 26 μmol/L (15 mg/dL).
Treatment:
1) Identify the cause and take corresponding measures.
2) Reduce serum bilirubin, phototherapy; early feeding and maintaining bowel regularity.
3) Protect the liver, suppress infection, and avoid medications that are harmful to the liver or may cause hemolysis and jaundice.
4) Administer appropriate plasma and albumin to prevent recurrence of bilirubin encephalopathy.