What disease is it when a child has dwarfism?

Patient's question:

I don't know if he has this condition, and his mental state isn't good either. What illness is it if a child gets dwarfism?

Doctor's answer:

Dwarfism refers to a child's height being more than 2 standard deviations (-2SD, where SD stands for standard deviation) below the average height of children of the same gender, age, and race, with an annual growth rate exceeding 5 centimeters. The following conditions suggest slow growth in children: ① Growth rate below 7 centimeters per year before the age of 3; ② Growth rate below 5 centimeters per year from age 3 to puberty; ③ Growth rate below 6 centimeters per year during puberty.

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