Postmodern painting abroad

Author: Chang Ningsheng
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Features: "The entire history of art is a history of visual ways." After Cézanne, Gauguin, and Van Gogh, the New Art embarked on its journey—E.H. Gombrich, a renowned contemporary British art historian, believed in his book The Story of Art that one of the main characteristics of 20th-century Western avant-garde art lay in its experimental nature. In terms of painting and sculpture, this involved freely experimenting with the possibilities of various concepts and material applications in multiple dimensions and levels. Following the emergence of Cubism, Futurism, and German Expressionism, modern art exhibited an accelerated development trend. The emergence of movements such as Futurism, Dadaism, Surrealism, Purism, Suprematism, and Constructivism essentially completed the experimental phase of easel painting. After World War II in 1945, the center of Western modern art shifted to the United States. The emergence of Abstract Expressionism in the U.S. marked the later stage of Western modern art (Lat-Modernism). Subsequently, movements such as Pop Art, Op Art, Hyperrealism, Minimalism, Conceptual Art, and Happenings progressively pushed the development of art to its extremes. All these movements and schools explored and experimented with issues such as the pure formal language of painting, the boundaries between painting and sculpture, the boundaries between painting and performance art, the relationship between painting and other visual art media (photography, video, computer, fax, etc.), and the relationship between painted imagery and symbolic and textual symbols. The evolution and development of modern art not only explored the fundamental questions of art at multiple levels but also greatly enriched and created the visual language of humanity, profoundly influencing and altering people's aesthetic ways of observing the world.