Surgical indications for nodular goiter?

Patient's question:

Because of a certain illness, I have been unable to stop taking medication for a long time. Due to the medication, my endocrine system has been affected, and now I want to stop taking the medication and regulate my body. Could you please tell me the surgical indications for nodular goiter?

Doctor's answer:

Thyroid cysts are generally benign. If they are not large, they are usually asymptomatic. If they shrink significantly, some compressive symptoms may reappear, such as pain, difficulty swallowing, or breathing difficulties. If a thyroid ultrasound examination indicates that the cyst is large and has poor echo transmission with fluid levels, and it is painful or even adhesive to the touch, with a diameter greater than 3 centimeters, it is necessary to first perform a thyroid cyst puncture to determine its specific nature. If necessary, surgical removal may be required.

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