What are the causes of ureteral torsion and hydronephrosis?

Patient's question:

Last week, I went back to my hometown to visit my grandmother. On the way, I met my second uncle and noticed that his complexion was poor and he had lost some weight. I asked him what was wrong. He said that a few days ago, he had a thorough check-up at the hospital and found that his ureter was completely twisted, with kidney hydronephrosis. Recently, he is undergoing treatment for it. Upon hearing this, I felt very worried. What causes a completely twisted ureter and kidney hydronephrosis?

Doctor's answer:

The ureter is completely twisted with congenital deformity. Complete twisting of the ureter will lead to impaired excretion of urine, which in turn can cause hydronephrosis. Severe cases may affect kidney function. Early surgical intervention is necessary because only through surgery can the function of the ureter be fully restored, potentially resolving the symptoms of hydronephrosis. During treatment, it is recommended to follow the guidance of a urologist for proper management.

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