What is the meaning of and ?

Patient's question:

" refers to the reappearance of a large number of copies and adaptation of the hepatitis B virus within liver cells, which can easily lead to liver cell damage and recurrent liver function abnormalities. refers to the hepatitis B virus remaining in a latent state within liver cells, without a significant increase in copies and adaptation. Oral antiviral medications can be used to treat it. It is important to pay attention to enhancing personal defensive training to avoid viral infection."

Doctor's answer:

Hello, and refer to patients who have hepatitis B. If means that all 145 items of the hepatitis B panel are positive. means that all 135 items of the hepatitis B panel are positive. indicates a remission phase of the disease, with a large number of viral copies and high transmissibility. is in the stable phase of hepatitis B, where the virus no longer replicates, and the condition is stable.

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