What are the differences between patent foramen ovale and atrial septal defect?

Patient's question:

Doctor, what is the difference between atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale? Color Doppler MRI shows patent foramen ovale. Another doctor from a different hospital saw the color Doppler MRI results and said it was an atrial septal defect. I don't know what the difference between the two is?

Doctor's answer:

Atrial septal defect is a common type of congenital heart disease in children. Small defects may be asymptomatic. Heart murmurs can only be discovered during a physical examination, and small defects can naturally close. Atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale are common types of congenital heart disease in children. If asymptomatic, they can receive follow-up before school. Patent foramen ovale can be observed for 1 year, and it may close within the first year.

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