Is it better for diabetic patients to take insulin or medication?

Patient's question:

My father has diabetes and is preparing to start treatment recently. I want to ask whether it's better for diabetic patients to take insulin or medication?

Doctor's answer:

How diabetics use insulin varies from person to person. For type 1 diabetes patients, there is no choice but to inject insulin subcutaneously, and the same applies to pregnant women. In your father's case, if he has a long history of diabetes and chronic complications such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, or diabetic retinopathy, as well as macrovascular complications like stroke or myocardial infarction, and if his pancreatic function is not well, it is recommended that he start using insulin as early as possible.

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