What are the most common routes of infection for urinary tract infections?

Patient's question:

When there's nothing special going on, I always enjoy spending time with friends playing mahjong and having fun. Then, I often hold in my urine, in addition to sitting for long periods. Recently, I've experienced frequent urination and a burning sensation again. After a thorough examination, the doctor diagnosed me with a urinary tract infection and prescribed some medication for me to take as directed. I should have been more careful about my hygiene, but now I'm aware of the most common ways urinary tract infections are transmitted.

Doctor's answer:

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a very common urogenital system disease, which is divided into upper urinary tract infection and lower urinary tract infection. The most common cause is a decline in the body's immune system. When personal hygiene is neglected, water intake is insufficient, prolonged sitting, tight clothing, sexual activity, diabetes, hypertension, upper respiratory infections, or other conditions that lead to a weakened immune system, urinary tract infections may occur. Additionally, intestinal obstructions, such as tumors or stones, can also cause UTIs. Apart from some iatrogenic infections, such as those associated with catheters, it is recommended to avoid prolonged sitting, engage in regular exercise, drink plenty of water, and maintain adequate physical activity to effectively prevent urogenital infections.

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