What are the reasons for the three highs and one low of nephrotic syndrome?

Patient's question:

My brother has been feeling a burning sensation when urinating recently and it's very uncomfortable. His urine is also particularly difficult to pass. Is this a kidney disease? Hello, what does the "three highs and one low" of nephrotic syndrome mean?

Doctor's answer:

Chronic kidney disease usually leads to malnutrition and wasting. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by increased glomerular permeability. The examination shows symptoms of "three highs and one low." The three highs and one low refer to high edema, high proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, and hypoproteinemia. Nephrotic syndrome is prone to infections, metabolic disorders, renal failure, and thrombosis caused by hypoproteinemia. Active prevention and attention to diet should be emphasized.

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