Principles and Applications of Electrochemical Methods, Second Edition

Author: Bard A. J. (USA), Faulkner L. R. (USA), Translated by Shao Yuanhua et al.
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Features: This revised edition of the book maintains the writing purpose and style of the previous version, comprehensively covering the principles of electrochemical methods widely used today. It also supplements new fields and topics in electrochemistry developed over the 20 years since the first edition, such as the application of ultramicroelectrodes, electrochemical phenomena on intact surfaces, modified electrodes, modern electron transfer theory, scanning probe methods, electrochemical liquid chromatography, impedance spectroscopy, modern forms of pulse voltammetry, and various spectroelectrochemical techniques. The book is rich in content, with novel data and theories, and is well-structured. It includes numerous exercises and chemical examples, along with updated references, making it very convenient for learning. It can serve as a textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students in chemistry departments, as well as a fundamental reference for researchers and practitioners in the fields of electrochemistry and electroanalytical chemistry.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction to Electrode Processes and Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Non-Faradaic Processes and the Nature of the Electrode-Solution Interface
1.3 Faradaic Processes and Factors Affecting Electrode Reaction Rates
1.4 Introduction to Reactions Controlled by Mass Transfer
1.5 Empirical Treatment of Nernst Reactions Coupled with Chemical Reactions
1.6 Electrochemical Literature
1.7 References
1.8 Exercises
Chapter 2 Electrode Potential and Thermodynamics of Cells
2.1 Fundamentals of Electrochemical Thermodynamics
2.2 Detailed Description of Interfacial Potential Differences
2.3 Liquid Junction Potential
2.4 Selective Electrodes
2.5 References
2.6 Exercises
Chapter 3 Electrode Reaction Kinetics
3.1 Review of Homogeneous Kinetics
3.2 Nature of Electrode Reactions
3.3 Butler-Volmer Model in Electrokinetics
3.4 Application of the Butler-Volmer Model to Single-Step, Single-Electron Processes
3.5 Multi-Step Mechanisms
3.6 Microscopic Theory of Charge Transfer
3.7 References
3.8 Exercises
Chapter 4 Mass Transfer Due to Migration and Diffusion
4.1 Derivation of General Mass Transfer Formulas
4.2 Migration
4.3 Mixed Migration and Diffusion Near Active Electrodes
4.4 Diffusion
4.5 References
4.6 Exercises
Chapter 5 Basic Potential Step Methods
5.1 Overview of Step Experiments
5.2 Potential Step under Diffusion Control
5.3 Diffusion Current on Ultramicroelectrodes
5.4 Sampling Current Voltammetry for Reversible Electrode Reactions
5.5 Sampling Current Voltammetry for Quasi-Reversible and Irreversible Electrode Reactions
5.6 Multi-Component Systems and Multi-Step Charge Transfer
5.7 Cyclic Current Reversal Technique
5.8 Cyclic (Coulomb) Method
5.9 Special Applications of Ultramicroelectrodes
5.10 References
5.11 Exercises
Chapter 6 Potential Sweep Methods
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Nernst (Reversible) Systems
6.3 Completely Irreversible Systems
6.4 Quasi-Reversible Systems
6.5 Cyclic Voltammetry
6.6 Multi-Component Systems and Multi-Step Charge Transfer
6.7 Convolution and Half-Integral Techniques
6.8 Cyclic Voltammetry at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces
6.9 References
6.10 Exercises
Chapter 7 Polarography and Pulse Voltammetry
7.1 Polarographic Electrode Behavior
7.2 Polarographic Waves
7.3 Pulse Voltammetry
7.4 References
7.5 Exercises
Chapter 8 Controlled Current Techniques
8.1 Introduction
8.2 General Theory of Controlled Current Methods
8.3 Potential-Time Curves in Constant Current Electrolysis
8.4 Reversal Techniques
8.5 Multi-Component Systems and Multi-Step Reactions
8.6 Constant Current Dual-Pulse Method
8.7 Step (Constant) Method
8.8 References
8.9 Exercises
Chapter 9 Methods Involving Forced Convection—Hydrodynamic Methods
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Theoretical Treatment of Convective Systems
9.3 Rotating Disk Electrode
9.4 Rotating Ring and Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode
9.5 Transient Processes of Rotating Disk and Ring-Disk Electrodes
9.6 Modulated RDE
9.7 Convection of Ultramicroelectrodes
9.8 Electrohydrodynamics and Related Phenomena
9.9 References
9.10 Exercises
Chapter 10 Techniques Based on Impedance Concepts
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Interpretation of Faradaic Impedance
10.3 Determining Kinetic Parameters from Impedance Measurements
10.4 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
10.5 AC Voltammetry
10.6 Higher Harmonics
10.7 Chemical Analysis Using AC Voltammetry
10.8 Instruments for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
10.9 Data Analysis in the Laplace Plane
10.10 References
10.11 Exercises
Chapter 11 Whole Cell Electrolysis Methods
11.1 Classification of Techniques
11.2 General Principles of Whole Cell Electrolysis
11.3 Potential Control Methods
11.4 Current Control Methods
11.5 Determination of Electrochemical Endpoints
11.6 Flow Electrolysis
11.7 Thin-Film Electrochemistry
11.8 Stripping Analysis
11.9 References
11.10 Exercises
Chapter 12 Electrode Reactions Coupled with Homogeneous Chemical Reactions
12.1 Classification of Reactions
12.2 Theoretical Basis of Voltammetry and Cyclic Potential Methods
12.3 Theories of Transient Voltammetry and Cyclic Potential Methods
12.4 Rotating Disk and Ring-Disk Electrode Methods
12.5 Ultramicroelectrode Techniques
12.6 Sinusoidal Wave Methods
12.7 Potential Control Methods
12.8 References
12.9 Exercises
Chapter 13 Double Layer Structure and Adsorption
13.1 Thermodynamics of the Double Layer
13.2 Experimental Determination of Surface Excess and Electrochemical Parameters
13.3 Double Layer Structure Models
13.4 Studies on Solid Electrodes
13.5 Degree and Rate of Characteristic Adsorption
13.6 Role of Adsorbed Electroactive Species
13.7 Influence of the Double Layer on Electrode Reaction Rates
13.8 References
13.9 Exercises
Chapter 14 Electroactive Layers and Modified Electrodes
14.1 Introduction—The Driving Force of Rationality and Technology
14.2 Types, Preparation, and Properties of Membranes and Modified Electrodes
14.3 Electrochemical Response of Adsorbed Monolayers
14.4 Overview of Modified Electrode Processes
14.5 Barrier Layers
14.6 Other Characterization Methods
14.7 References
14.8 Exercises
Chapter 15 Electrochemical Instruments
15.1 Operational Amplifiers
15.2 Current Feedback
15.3 Voltage Feedback
15.4 Constant Potential Instruments
15.5 Constant Current Instruments
15.6 Challenges in Potential Control
15.7 Measurement of Low Currents
15.8 Computer-Controlled Instruments
15.9 Solving Electrochemical System Problems
15.10 References
15.11 Exercises
Chapter 16 Scanning Probe Techniques
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
16.3 Atomic Force Microscopy
16.4 Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
16.5 References
16.6 Exercises
Chapter 17 Spectroelectrochemistry and Other Combined Characterization Methods
17.1 Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy
17.2 Vibrational Spectroscopy
17.3 Electronic and Ionic Spectroscopy
17.4 Magnetic Resonance Methods
17.5 Quartz Crystal Microbalance
17.6 X-Ray Methods
17.7 References
17.8 Exercises
Chapter 18 Photoelectrochemistry and Electrochemiluminescence
18.1 Electrochemiluminescence
18.2 Semiconductor Photoelectrochemistry
18.3 Electrochemical Detection of Photolytic and Radiation-Dissociated Products
18.4 References
18.5 Exercises
Appendix A Mathematical Methods
A.1 Solving Differential Equations Using Laplace Transform Techniques
A.2 Taylor Expansion
A.3 Error Function and Gaussian Distribution
A.4 Leibniz Rule
A.5 Complex Number Representation
A.6 Fourier Series and Fourier Transform
A.7 References
A.8 Exercises
Appendix B Numerical Simulation of Electrochemical Problems
B.1 Model Building
B.2 Examples
B.3 Coupled Homogeneous Kinetics
B.4 Boundary Conditions for Various Techniques
B.5 Simulation of Convective Systems
B.6 Other Numerical Simulations
B.7 References
B.8 Exercises
Appendix C Reference Tables
Appendix D
D.1 Basic Formulas
D.2 Dimensions and Conversions
D.3 Important Relationships
D.4 Physical Constants
D.5 Derived Constants at 25°C (298.15 K)
Index