What causes penile curvature?

Patient's question:

Frequent masturbation Now the penis is bent How to treat

Doctor's answer:

1. Abnormal development of the corpora cavernosa. The corpora cavernosa on both sides of the penis are asymmetrical, causing the penis to bend to one side during erection. If the curvature is not severe and there is no pain or discomfort during erection, it does not affect sexual life and does not require special treatment.
2. Congenital deformities such as urethral fissure or hypoplasia. In these patients, the urethral opening is not at the center of the glans penis but rather on the coronal sulcus, the shaft of the penis, or even near the scrotum. The defective urethra is replaced by fibrous tissue, and during erection, the penis bends due to the traction of the fibrous tissue, requiring surgical correction.
3. Conditions such as penile injury, fibrosing cavernitis, or penile plaques can also cause penile curvature. The angle of the pathological curvature is generally large, bending upward, downward, or to the left or right. It is generally believed that if the upward curvature angle is less than 40° after erection, or the downward or left-right curvature angle is less than 30°, and sexual life is satisfactory, no treatment is needed. If the curvature angle is large, it is recommended to seek medical advice from urology or andrology.
4. Scar constraint. When the penis is injured, scars form, restricting penile erection and causing curvature.
5. Postoperative complications. Excessive removal of the foreskin during circumcision can also affect penile erection and cause curvature.
6. Fibrosing cavernitis. Fibrosis of the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa causes curvature during erection.
7. Urethral deformity. Congenital malformation of the urethral opening, combined with shortening and lack of elasticity of the periurethral fascia, causes penile curvature during erection.