Friends, Guests, Colleagues · The Bureaucratic System of the Late Qing Dynasty

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Features: This book is a specialized study on the late Qing dynasty's mufu system by an American scholar, with the main focus on the mufus of Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang. It briefly reviews the formation and evolution of China's mufu system, discusses in detail the composition, functions, and policies of the mufus in the early Qing dynasty, and explains the characteristics of the rise of the new-style mufu system in the late Qing period due to the dramatic changes in modern Chinese society. The author visited several descendants of Li Hongzhang, such as Li Guochao, and obtained valuable materials. At the same time, original sources in both Chinese and English are used, such as the writings of foreigners serving in China at the time, official archives of the Qing dynasty, private letters, or accounts, making this book highly academic and readable.