When do newborns' vision and hearing actually start to develop?

Patient's question:

When do newborns' vision and hearing start to develop? Our child has been like this for a while, and as parents, we are very worried. We hope the doctor can give some advice.

Doctor's answer:

After birth, a child is equipped with vision, but the newborn's vision is very poor. Newborn infants have light sensitivity, as evidenced by closing their eyes in response to bright light stimulation. They also react to changes in lighting; when bright light shines on their eyes, their pupils constrict, which is known as the light reflex. During the neonatal period, they can only see objects within 60 centimeters in front of them, with the most suitable distance being 20 centimeters. For example, if you move a red yarn ball about 20 centimeters in front of the child, you can observe that their gaze can follow the moving red yarn ball for a short distance.

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