Does undescended testicle cause cancer?

Patient's question:

Medical history: Congenital testicular dysgenesis, but can engage in sexual activity
Detailed condition and consultation purpose:
There is one undescended testicle, almost indistinguishable by touch,
Ten years ago, a hernia (inguinal hernia) surgery was performed to bring down the undescended testicle. Later, one testicle retracted again, and sometimes there is intermittent soreness in the area where the undescended testicle was located.
What are the consequences of an undescended testicle??
Can an undescended testicle lead to cancer??
Is surgery necessary??

Doctor's answer:

Orchiectomy carries the potential for malignancy, and it is recommended to seek treatment as early as possible. Treatment is divided into non-surgical and surgical methods. Non-surgical treatment primarily refers to hormone therapy, which mainly aims to promote the transformation of germ cells and facilitate testicular descent (the lower the testicular position, the better the treatment effect). Due to the many side effects of hormone therapy, it has been highly controversial in recent years and is strictly restricted. Surgical treatment is the safest and most effective method. Surgery should be performed between the ages of 1 and 2, especially for bilateral cryptorchidism, where surgical treatment must not exceed the age of 2. The vast majority of cryptorchid children can be cured with a single surgery, while a small number of high-lying cryptorchid cases may require a second surgical procedure. With the application of laparoscopic technology, the number of children needing a second surgery has significantly decreased.