What does one plus in a urine test for urobilinogen mean?

Patient's question:

I am 20 years old, male. Recently, I felt that my urine was a bit red. At first, I took some levofloxacin, but then I thought it would be better to get a check-up. The urine test showed plus signs for urine protein and urinary urobilinogen, and 4 small round epithelial cells. What is this disease? Is it nephritis? What should I do? What medicine should I take?

Doctor's answer:

In your case, it may be glomerulonephritis. Glomerulonephritis is a non-suppurative inflammatory lesion of both kidneys. Due to damage to the glomeruli, symptoms such as edema, high blood pressure, and proteinuria may occur, making it the most common type of kidney disease. There are many types of nephritis, including acute nephritis, chronic nephritis, pyelonephritis, occult nephritis, allergic purpura nephritis, and lupus nephritis. It is recommended to undergo a kidney biopsy for diagnosis before starting symptomatic treatment.

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