What should I do if the testicles are too big or too small?

Patient's question:

I recently don't know what's going on, my lower body is very uncomfortable, and I'm not getting morning erections anymore. What should I do if my testicles are too big or too small?

Doctor's answer:

If both testicles are smaller than 10 milliliters, it is called micropenis. The causes can be divided into congenital and acquired. Congenital causes include Klinefelter syndrome with a chromosomal abnormality of 47,XXY and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Acquired causes are due to the excessive synthesis of androgens in the adrenal glands, which leads to precocious puberty in patients, where secondary sexual characteristics appear before the age of 10. However, the large amount of testosterone secreted by the adrenal glands inhibits the synthesis and secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the pituitary gland, thereby suppressing testicular development, resulting in small testicular volume.

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