How is a urinary tract infection (UTI) in women caused?

Patient's question:

My wife has been feeling unwell recently, and I want to have sex with her. She told me she has a urinary tract infection, but I don't know how it was caused. What causes urinary tract infections in women?

Doctor's answer:

Due to the shorter length of the female urethra, it is prone to urinary tract infections. Lack of personal hygiene and cross-infection can only alleviate symptoms with simple medication. A thorough examination should be conducted to confirm the diagnosis and identify the specific bacteria in order to adjust the symptoms, stabilize the diet, avoid spicy foods, and drink hot water to clean the area. Change underwear frequently, especially during menstruation, and frequently change sanitary pads.

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