How is microorchidism and azoospermia treated?

Patient's question:

Brother has been married for many years, but he has never had children. Because of embarrassment, he has never gone to the hospital for a thorough examination. Later, we persuaded him to go to the hospital for a thorough examination, and then we found out that his small testicle had recurring azoospermia, which is why they didn't have children. I just want to ask how to treat small testicle azoospermia?

Doctor's answer:

Hello! If the testicular volume is very small, it may be caused by congenital chromosomal abnormalities. It is recommended to have blood tests for chromosomes and sex hormones. If the above tests indicate severe insufficient excretion of male hormones, you can consider taking undecanoate testosterone capsules for replacement therapy. If sperm cannot be effectively produced, it is also recommended to consider a microscopic testicular sperm retrieval surgery to attempt IVF.

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