How to treat small testicular problems

Patient's question:

I would like to consult you, the testicles are small and there is no sperm, can it be treated.

Doctor's answer:

Here are the translations of the provided content into English, with the original Chinese line breaks preserved:
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Some reasons for small testicles include congenital genetic factors, as well as acquired secondary causes. Congenital factors are relatively rare. They are often caused by testicular spermatogenesis dysfunction or obstruction of the spermatic ducts.
Guidance and recommendations: Due to the inability to conduct a physical examination, a comprehensive understanding of the condition is necessary. For further clarification of the diagnosis, you should go to a private tertiary hospital's urology and perinatal surgery department for a thorough and detailed examination. After identifying the cause, treatment should be targeted at the root of the problem.
Six sex hormone tests should be conducted. If it is indeed primary testicular dysfunction, a testicular biopsy should be performed. If sperm is present, male reproductive diseases can be cured. However, the treatment period is generally long, and relapse is common after recovery. Therefore, medications should be used symptomatically during treatment.
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