Divergent Thinking Classroom—Chemistry for 3rd Grade

Author: Xi Yang, Chief Editor; Jiang Jiafa, Sub-series Editor
Publisher:
Publish Date: 2003-06-01
Features: Divergent thinking, also known as unconventional thinking, radiates from a single point in multiple directions to reach a thinking goal. Illustrated graphically, it is like a beam of rays emitted from a point into the knowledge network space, forming connections between two or more knowledge points. It encompasses lateral thinking, reverse thinking, and multi-directional thinking. Divergent thinking is characterized by multi-directionality, flexibility, fluency, and uniqueness, emphasizing multiple approaches and solutions when addressing problems. It explores a problem from different directions, perspectives, and levels, horizontally expanding and inversely delving into it, employing methods such as exploration, transformation, variation, transfer, construction, deformation, combination, and decomposition. This approach opens students' minds, stimulates their potential, and enhances their qualities, which is crucial for cultivating creative talents.
This series of books strives to align closely with the entire teaching process, focusing on cultivating students' creative thinking abilities and enhancing their mental flexibility and expansiveness to improve their problem-solving skills. To achieve this, we closely connect with students' learning realities and comprehensively reflect the questions from recent national college entrance exams and provincial/municipal middle school entrance exams. Aligned with the teaching syllabus and current textbooks, it covers from the first to the second year of high school, synchronizing with each chapter of the textbooks. The basic objective is to enable students to apply goal management methods, grasp key learning points and directions, and learn with purpose, ensuring that each chapter (or unit) meets the expected learning goals and outcomes.
The "Basic Knowledge Guidance" provides a concise overview of the intrinsic knowledge system of each chapter (or unit) and offers insightful analysis of key knowledge points for the middle school and college entrance exams. The "Key and Difficult Points Illumination" highlights the key and challenging aspects, serving as the main thread for developing divergent thinking. The "Divergent Thinking Practice" is the core structure of this series, divided into the following two parts:
Divergent Thinking Analysis
Starting from knowledge points, key points, and difficult points, it analyzes the content and interrelationships of the chapter (or unit) and reveals the laws of thinking through divergent thinking methods, emphasizing problem-solving patterns to achieve a comprehensive understanding.
Divergent Thinking Application
It selects typical examples, applying multi-angle, multi-perspective, and multi-level divergent thinking to key problems, enabling students to develop comprehensive abilities such as conceptual differentiation, synthesis, generalization, transformation, mental transfer, reverse application, experimental design, written expression, and multi-solution flexibility.
Consolidation and Ability Enhancement Exercises
These exercises help students assess their classroom learning outcomes and allow parents to evaluate students' mastery of knowledge in each chapter of the textbook.
The following types of divergent thinking are used in this book:
- Type Divergence: Transforming typical problems into different question types.
- Solution Divergence: Conducting flexible training through multiple methods for a single problem or a single method for multiple problems.
- Lateral Divergence: Establishing connections between two or more divergence points, as well as between divergence points and other knowledge points, using examples to form divergent thinking.
- Transformation Divergence: Changing the form while preserving the essence of the original proposition.
- Combination Divergence: Combining multiple divergence points to form a type of divergent thinking.
- Transfer Divergence: Solving new situational problems using information or method transfer.
- Decomposition Divergence: Breaking down a complex proposition into simpler ones and analyzing and solving them individually.
- Reverse Divergence: Thinking from the goal to the conditions.
- Creative Divergence: Overcoming cognitive rigidity and solving problems unconventionally.
- Comprehensive Divergence: Integrating connections between divergence points across different chapters and between different subjects.
In summary, this series progresses from simple to complex, offering in-depth analysis and extensive practice, bringing students' review and exam preparation closer to reality, thereby enhancing their ability to flexibly apply knowledge, improve transferable and adaptive skills, and develop creative thinking abilities.