How can male infertility be prevented?

Patient's question:

My friend has been married for many years without having children. The doctor said he has infertility. I am also getting married, and I would like to know how to prevent male infertility?

Doctor's answer:

Testicular biopsy reveals that spermatogenesis is basically normal. During the surgery, it was found that these lesions were localized at the head of the epididymis (1-1.5 cm in length). Local puncture or incision could yield yellow viscous fluid filled with sperm and fragmented material. The current etiology remains unclear, but it may be related to autosomal recessive inheritance across generations. Infertility tends to fluctuate, requiring long-term oral medication. Moreover, male patients should seek immediate medical attention at professional and reputable hospitals. Treatment should be considered based on thorough examination results. Additionally, it is important to control sexual activity and maintain a positive mood.

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