What causes orchitis?

Patient's question:

Yesterday, I suddenly felt my body temperature was a bit high, like I was burning up. Then, I had intense pain in my testicles, which made me feel nauseous and like I was going to vomit. When I carefully examined between my legs, I noticed some swelling in my testicles, and pressing gently caused pain. I went to the hospital for a thorough check-up, and the doctor said I had orchitis and that it needed to be treated immediately.
What are the causes of orchitis?

Doctor's answer:

In clinical diagnosis, epididymitis is divided into two major categories: acute epididymitis and chronic epididymitis. Acute epididymitis occurs rapidly and is characterized by a sense of heaviness and discomfort in the affected scrotum, severe local pain, which may even affect urination. The pain can radiate to the ipsilateral groin area and lower abdomen, accompanied by general malaise and high fever. Physical examination: the affected epididymis is swollen and tender. In more severe cases, the inflammation may involve the testis, and the scrotal skin may become red and swollen again. Chronic epididymitis is more common than acute epididymitis, with some patients developing it from untreated acute episodes. Most patients have no history of acute recurrence and are often accompanied by chronic prostatitis.

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