What are the causes of balanoposthitis?

Patient's question:

I have had balanitis for a while, it keeps coming and going. Now the itching has increased, and there are obvious white, scaly-like substances in the inner groove of the foreskin and glans. It seems to be improving again. I want to ask how this balanitis was caused. What are the causes of balanitis?

Doctor's answer:

Balanoposthitis refers to the inflammation of the glans and foreskin mucosa. It can be caused by various different reasons, such as excessive foreskin, irritation from smegma, local physical factors, and various infectious factors. Balanoposthitis manifests as redness and swelling of the glans and foreskin, burning pain, relief during urination, and may have purulent discharge from the foreskin opening. If the foreskin is moved, it can be seen that the inner foreskin and glans are congested, swollen, and in severe cases, may have shallow small ulcers or erosion, showing purulent discharge.

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