How is low sperm count caused

Patient's question:

The other day, a thorough check revealed low sperm count, making it difficult to conceive. How is low sperm count caused

Doctor's answer:

Azoospermia is a relatively common male infertility condition. Its etiology is quite complex. Some cases are caused by endocrine factors, which often lead to impaired spermatogenesis in the testes, manifesting as oligozoospermia or even azoospermia. Other causes include infections, varicocele, hereditary factors, autoimmune disorders, and environmental factors.
There are many reasons that can lead to azoospermia, such as varicocele, prostatitis, seminal vesiculitis, epididymitis, cryptorchidism, endocrine abnormalities, exogenous immune suppression, and other factors. All of these can cause this condition.