What are the factors that cause dead sperm?

Patient's question:

I have been married to my wife for many years, and we have not used any contraception, but we have never been able to conceive. After checking at the hospital, I learned that. Please ask what factors can cause dead sperm.

Doctor's answer:

I. Chemicals of Phthalates: Phthalates are widely used in hundreds of products such as toys, food packaging, wallpaper, detergents, lubricants, nail polish, hair sprays, soaps, and shampoos. They can affect the endocrine system, increasing sperm count in males but reducing their motility and causing abnormal morphology. In severe cases, they can lead to testicular cancer. Nail polish contains the highest levels of phthalates, which enter the body through a woman's respiratory system and skin, harming the reproductive system of her male fetus.
II. Cigarettes and Alcohol: Nicotine in cigarettes damages sperm, reducing the concentration of sperm in male semen and increasing the rate of abnormal sperm. On the other hand, alcohol weakens reproductive function, causes chromosomal abnormalities, and may lead to fetal malformations or developmental disorders.

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