Does having epilepsy affect intelligence?

Patient's question:

My child has had epilepsy since childhood and has been undergoing treatment without interruption. They take antiepileptic medication every day. Although they occasionally experience hand and foot twitching, it no longer affects their daily life. The only issue is that their academic performance is relatively poor. I want to know if epilepsy affects intelligence. What kind of help do I need: Does epilepsy affect intelligence?

Doctor's answer:

Hello, most secondary epilepsy affects intelligence. For example, some people have primary diseases in their brains, such as encephalitis or brain contusions. Under these conditions, secondary epilepsy may be caused, and this situation almost affects everything here. Different types of epilepsy seizures also have a certain impact on intelligence, such as some children who have spasmodic epilepsy or psychomotor epilepsy.

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