What are the main reasons for epididymitis?

Patient's question:

Last night while taking a shower, I noticed my testicles felt a bit swollen. I woke up earlier and seemed to have a fever, which got worse in the afternoon. I went to the hospital for a check-up and was told I have epididymitis. I'm really very worried. Could you please tell me what are the main causes of epididymitis?

Doctor's answer:

Testicular inflammation is usually caused by bacteria and viruses. The testicles themselves rarely suffer bacterial infections due to their rich blood and lymphatic supply, which provides strong resistance to bacterial infections. Most bacterial testicular infections are caused by inflammation of the adjacent epididymis, hence the term epididymo-orchitis... In traditional Chinese medicine, the treatment for acute testicular inflammation generally adopts a syndrome differentiation approach. Urological experts explain that traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation typically categorizes acute testicular inflammation into three types: 1. Acute testicular inflammation with damp-heat accumulation in the lower burner: Symptoms include fever and chills, testicular swelling and pain, hard texture, dark red and urine, dry stools, red tongue with greasy yellow coating, and wiry, slippery, rapid pulse.

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