What are the causes of male infertility?

Patient's question:

Hello, I have been married for half a year and have been trying to have a child. The harsh reality is that I was diagnosed with infertility. What are the causes of male infertility?

Doctor's answer:

There are several reasons that can lead to abnormal semen and sperm, mainly including the following points:
1. Disorders in male endocrine function leading to abnormal semen, such as an increase in the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, as well as hyperthyroidism, which can all cause abnormal semen in men.
2. Urinary and reproductive system infections leading to abnormal semen in men. Various bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma, parasites, tuberculosis, and other pathogens such as gonococci cause inflammation of the urinary and reproductive tracts, ultimately forcing abnormal semen in men.
3. Congenital reproductive system abnormalities.
4. Varicocele leading to abnormal semen.

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