What are the reasons for small testicles?

Patient's question:

I don't know why, the testicles have become darker in color and are of different sizes, with a dull ache. What are the reasons for the smaller testicle?

Doctor's answer:

Some reasons for testicular hypoplasia include congenital genetic factors, as well as acquired secondary causes. Congenital factors are relatively rare. Most cases are caused by testicular dysfunction in sperm production or blockage of the vas deferens. Due to the inability to conduct a physical examination, a comprehensive understanding of the condition is necessary. To further clarify the diagnosis, you should go to a private Grade III-A hospital's urology and perinatal surgery department for a thorough and detailed examination (such as blood tests, six sexual hormone tests, testicular biopsy, etc.). After identifying the cause, treatment should be targeted accordingly. For the six sexual hormone tests, if it is indeed primary testicular dysfunction, a testicular biopsy should be performed.

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